Protist Email Flashcards
Name the four supergroups of eukaryotes
Excavata, “SAR” Clade, Archaeplastida, Unikonta
What is the key characteristic of Excavata?
Cytoskeleton and excavated feeding groove
What is the key characteristic of Diplomonads/Parabasalids?
Modified mitochondria
What is the key characteristic of Euglenozoans?
Spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella
What is the key characteristic of Stramenopiles?
Hairy and smooth flagella
What is the key characteristic of Alveolates?
Membrane-enclosed sacs beneath plasma membrane
What is the key characteristic of Rhizarians?
Amoebas with threadlike pseudopodia
What is the key characteristic of Red algae?
Phycoerythrin
What is the key characteristic of Green algae?
Plant-type chloroplasts
What is the key characteristic of Amoebozoans?
Amoebas with lobe-shaped or tube-shaped pseudopodia
What are some members of Opisthokonts?
Animals, Fungi, and several groups of protists
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Giardia
Excavata, Diplomonads/Parabasalids
Parasite transmitted by feces in water
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Dictoyostelium discoideum
Unikonta, Amoebozoans
A cellular slime mold used to study multicellularity
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Paramecium
“SAR” Clade, Alveolates
Use cilia to feed and move, large and small nuclei, conjugation gives genetic variation
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Nori
Archaeplastida, Red Algae
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Globigerina
“SAR” Clade, rhizarians
Foram, has a porous, multi-chambered calcium carbonate shell called a test, through which pseudopodia extend
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Kelp
“SAR” Clade, Stramenopiles
A type of brown algae that lives in the deep ocean and has a holdfast, a stipe, and blades
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Trypanosoma
Excavata, Euglenozoans
A kintoplastid that causes sleeping sickness or Chaga’s disease. They evade immune responses by switching surface proteins.
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Plasmodium
“SAR” Clade, Alveolates
A apicomplexan that causes malaria and requires both mosquitoes and humans for its life cycle. It is spread by sporozoites and its apex has special organelles for penetrating cells/tissues.
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Ulva and Volvox
Archaeplastida, Green Algae
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Entamoeba histolytica
Unikonta, Amoeboaoans
Causes amoebic dysentery
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Trichomonas vaginalis
Excavata, Diplomonads/Parabasalids
Causes yeast infections
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Diatoms
“SAR” Clade, Stramenopiles
Unicellular algae with a silicon wall
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Amoeba
Unikonta, Amoebozoans
Use pseudopodia and cytoplasmic streaming to create phagocytosis
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for Pfiesteria
“SAR” Clade, Alveolates
A dinoflagellate that has two flagella, cellulose plates, and causes red tides
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Euglena
Excavata, Euglenozoans
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Phytophthora
“SAR” Clade, Stramenopiles
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Laminaria
“SAR” Clade, Stramenopiles
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Porphyra
Archaeplastida, Red Algae
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Chlamydomonas
Archaeplastida, Green Algae
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group for Nucleariids
Unikonta, Opisthokonts
Give some examples of the ecological and human significance of protists
Symbionts, Parasites (humans, animals, plants), Producers, Food Chain
Give some reasons why protists are a polyphyletic group
Many lineages, no common ancestor, very diverse
Describe the life-cycle of Plasmodium
Sporozoites (mosquito) -> Merozoites (via liver) -> Gametocytes (via red blood cells) -> 2n Zygote (via mosquito/fertilization) -> Oocyst -> sporozoites
Describe plasmodial slime molds
form mass called a plasmodium that is does not have plasma membranes, but instead has many diploid nuclei. They have pseudopodia and use phagocytosis.
Describe cellular slime molds
feed individually but can aggregate to migrate/form a fruiting body
What are the three types of weird cell walls? What organisms are they in?
Cellulose- dinoflagellates
Silicon-Diatoms
CaCO3-Forams
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for pink or watermelon snow
Archaeplastida, green algae
(Eukaryotes) Give a super/major group and description for “some are bioluminescent”
SAR clade, Alveolates
