Study Material for Feb 25 Lab Quiz Flashcards
What problem can come from consistently underdosing anthelmintics?
Worms can develop a resistance
How do killed virus vaccines and MLV vaccines differ?
Modified live vaccines have a live virus with diminished disease-causing ability, while killed virus vaccines contain only dead virus
What is the taste of normal (bland) milk?
Slightly sweet
What components are in the hard curd?
Casein, Ca, P, Rennin, water
How far apart should injections be given from one another?
Four inches
What are the four quality cuts of meat, in order from most to least intramuscular fat?
Prime, Choice, Select, Standard
What is an advantage and disadvantage of administering antibiotics in drinking water?
It is easy to administer, but hard to measure dosage
What are the components of butter?
Fat, fat-soluble vitamins, water
How are needle gauge and length related?
They are not
What characteristics determine a high quality egg when candling?
Small air cell, no presence of abnormalities, faint yolk
What internal temperature should hamburgers reach when cooking?
160 degrees F
How do lactose and table sugar compare?
Lactose is less sweet
What are some guidelines for safely handling meat products?
Do not use the same plate for raw and cooked meats, wash everything that comes into contact with raw meat/juices, do not store raw meat with ready-to-eat foods
What is the main purpose of a withdrawal time?
Ensure that pharmaceuticals do not end up in the food supply
What is the maximum amount of medication that should be given in an injection?
10 cc
What type of coagulation is used to produce cottage cheese?
Acid Coagulation
What things are commonly indicated on pharmaceutical labels?
Dosage, storage requirements, method of administration, type of animal, and withdrawal time
Why does fat rise to the top of raw milk?
Fat has a lower specific gravity than the rest of the milk
Why were Na, K, and Cl included in the bounce back product?
All three are electrolytes
What components were in the acid whey (soft curd)?
Acid, lactose, all minerals and vitamins
Why is wool a good insulator?
It has the ability to trap air
Which quality determining procedure is used commercially?
Candling
What are some common injection sites for cows?
Milk vein, tail, back of neck, jugular
Which animal, out of dogs, cows, and rats, gets IP (intraperitoneal) injections most commonly?
Rats
What components were in the sweet whey (hard curd)?
Lactose, minerals besides Ca and P, water, vitamins, albumins and globulins
Why do dog and cat flea/tick medications differ?
Phenothrin is toxic to cats and causes seizures
What is an example of a natural impurity?
Grease
Why are flea and tick drops administered behind the shoulder blades?
Dogs and cats cannot reach this spot
What is an advantage of killed virus vaccines?
There is less chance of illness developing
What is the taste of hydrolytic rancidity off-flavor milk?
Bitter/soapy
What are three common antibiotics?
Penicillin, tetracycline, sulfa compounds
What is the taste of oxidative rancidity off-flavor milk?
Papery
What type of bottle is used in the Babcock test?
Paley bottle
What are the categories of vaccines?
Bacterins, killed virus, and modified live virus
What are the layers of the egg from the yolk outward?
Yolk, Chaliziferous layer, inner thin layer, firm layer, outer thin layer, inner shell membrane, outer shell membrane, mammillary layer, spongey layer, cuticle
What is the difference between acid whey and sweet whey?
Acid whey contains acid and all minerals, but not albumins and globulins
What off-flavor categories of milk were sampled?
Absorbed, oxidative rancidity, bacterial, hydrolytic rancidity, normal (bland)
What does the Babcock test determine?
The amount of intramuscular fat in meat
What enzyme was used in lab to produce the hard curd?
Rennin
What considerations should be made when choosing needles and injection sites?
Type and size of animal, amount of medication, animal pain
What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic?
An antibiotic that treats a wide range of bacteria
What immediate treatment should be given if a vaccine causes anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
What are the three categories of wool impurities?
Natural, acquired, and applied
What is an example of an acquired impurity?
Sawdust
What milk components remain in the buttermilk?
Water, lactose, minerals, proteins, water-soluble vitamins
What is the taste of absorbed off-flavor milk?
Oniony
What is the relationship between fat content and juiciness?
Higher fat content means more juiciness
How are needle gauge and width related?
A higher gauge number relates to a smaller needle width
What is an advantage of MLV vaccines?
Active immunity is built more easily
How are most anthelmintics administered?
Orally
What observations can be made when breaking out eggs to determine quality?
Thick albumen, tall yolk, small air cell
When baking meats, what is the minimum oven temperature?
325 degrees F
What is the principle component of meat?
Muscle
What is an example of an applied impurity?
Sprays
How is percent shrinkage calculated?
100 - percent yield
What are some common injection sites for dogs?
Forearm, back of neck, jugular
What process produces butter?
Churning
What process removes wool impurities?
Scouring
What are the two general types of grades assigned to meat?
Quality grades and yield grades
In livestock, why are SQ injections preferred over IM injections?
They lead to fewer lesions on the meat
What components are in the soft curd?
Casein, albumins and globulins, water
What is the taste of bacterial off-flavor milk?
Malty
Why is hydrolytic rancidity experienced more often in raw milk than in pasteurized milk?
Pasteurization denatures lipase, which causes hydrolytic rancidity
How is percent yield of wool calculated?
weight of scoured wool/weight of impure wool x100
What two procedures were used in lab to determine egg quality?
Breaking out eggs and Candling
What is the difference between dog and cat flea medications?
The dog medication contained phenothrin, while the cat medication contained etofenprox
How do pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and anthelmintics differ?
- Pharmaceuticals treat disease
- Vaccines prevent disease
- Anthelmintics control parasites
What are some common injection sites for rats?
Tail, jugular, abdomen
What are the major injection types?
Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramammary
What acid is used in the Babcock test?
Sulfuric acid
