Study Material for Apr 24 Quiz

Question 1

What is milk secretion?

Answer 1

The movement of milk into the lumen of the alveolus

Question 2

Where are the alveoli contained?

Answer 2

In the lobules

Question 3

What are the goals of metabolic management?

Answer 3

To minimize the negative energy balance in the beginning of lactation and to prevent obesity in the end of lactation

Question 4

What is the effect of prolactin on the mammary system?

Answer 4

It is a hormone from the anterior pituitary that is essential for milk formation and secretion

Question 5

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on the mammary system?

Answer 5

Regulates calcium levels in the blood

Question 6

What are the purposes of lactation?

Answer 6

To provide nourishment, immunity, and quick energy

Question 7

How many glands are found in the bovine mammary system?

Answer 7

Four

Question 8

What part of mammary growth and development occurs after the termination of lactation?

Answer 8

Alveoli and lobes regress

Question 9

What is the effect of thyroxin on the mammary system?

Answer 9

Increases the metabolic rate of tissue in the mammary gland

Question 10

What is mastitis?

Answer 10

An inflammation of the mammary gland

Question 11

What are the three regions where lactation can occur in animals?

Answer 11

Pectoral region, inguinal region, and abdominal region

Question 12

What is involution?

Answer 12

The regression of secretory and ductile tissues

Question 13

What is the cycle of events for lactation?

Answer 13

Synthesis, secretion, and rest

Question 14

Where are the lobules contained?

Answer 14

In the lobes

Question 15

What is the neural-hormonal process involved with milk let-down?

Answer 15

Stimuli such as suckling or sounds signals the hypothalamus to signal the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin

Question 16

Where do monogastrics pull lactose from?

Answer 16

The blood

Question 17

What is the effect of adrenaline on the mammary system?

Answer 17

When the mother is frightened, adrenaline causes vasoconstriction and reduces milk flow

Question 18

What are the blood precursors?

Answer 18

Water, lactose, proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins

Question 19

What part of mammary growth and development occurs during early pregnancy?

Answer 19

Major ducts grow larger and smaller ducts develop

Question 20

Which lipids are present in milk from ruminant animals?

Answer 20

Blood lipids and those that come from acetic acids

Question 21

Which lipids are present in milk from monogastric animals?

Answer 21

Blood lipids and those that come from glucose

Question 22

What is the effect of estrogen on the mammary system?

Answer 22

Responsible for allometric growth of the duct and cistern, beginning at puberty

Question 23

What is the effect of glucocorticoids, somatotropin, and adrenocorticotropin on the mammary system?

Answer 23

Responsible for the initiation and maintenance of lactation

Question 24

What part of mammary growth and development occurs from birth until the onset of puberty?

Answer 24

Streak canal and teat grow

Question 25

Why is it important that lactation initiates almost immediately after gestation termination?

Answer 25

Improper timing will lead to the young animal not receiving colostrum

Question 26

What does the metabolic profile look like at the end of lactation?

Answer 26

Positive energy balance; weight is gained

Question 27

What is udder edema?

Answer 27

A fluid accumulation prior to lactation

Question 28

What is the gestation termination theory?

Answer 28

Gestation: High progesterone, low estrogen, low prolactin and prolactin effect Prior to Parturition: Low progesterone, high estrogen, high prolactin and prolactin effect

Question 29

Where is milk stored after secretion?

Answer 29

In the lumen

Question 30

What does multiparous mean?

Answer 30

The animal gives birth to litters

Question 31

What are the processes that occur during milk synthesis?

Answer 31

Filtration of water, selective absorption of minerals, and cell metabolism of casein, lactose, and milk fat

Question 32

What part of mammary growth and development occurs during late pregnancy?

Answer 32

Alveoli and lobes form

Question 33

What is persistence?

Answer 33

How well an animal maintains milk production throughout lactation

Question 34

What part of mammary growth and development occurs during lactation?

Answer 34

Alveoli begin functioning, reach a peak where the animal gives the most milk, and then decline in numbers

Question 35

What part of mammary growth and development occurs from onset of puberty until the beginning of the first pregnancy?

Answer 35

The major ducts get larger

Question 36

What is the effect of somatotropin on the mammary system?

Answer 36

Primarily responsible for isometric mammary growth prior to puberty

Question 37

What substance blocks the neural-hormonal milk let-down process?

Answer 37

Epinephrine

Question 38

What is lactose synthetase?

Answer 38

An enzyme found only in lactating tissue

Question 39

Which milk solids component attracts water when it is secreted?

Answer 39

Lactose

Question 40

What part of mammary growth and development occurs prior to birth?

Answer 40

Mammary streak, primary sprouts, and teats develop

Question 41

How does pressure affect milk flow rate?

Answer 41

High pressure slows or stops the milk flow rate

Question 42

What are the parts of a complex mammary system?

Answer 42

Alveoli, lobules, lobes, ducts, glands/teat cistern, and streak canal/exit

Question 43

What does the metabolic profile look like during lactation?

Answer 43

Zero energy balance

Question 44

What is the effect of progesterone on the mammary system?

Answer 44

Signals for the development of the lobuloal veolar tissue

Question 45

What is the effect of oxytocin on the mammary system?

Answer 45

Causes myoepithelial cells to contract and eject milk

Question 46

Where do ruminants pull lactose from?

Answer 46

The blood and the liver

Question 47

How does age affect persistency?

Answer 47

Older animals have a higher peak milk, but younger animals have better persistency

Question 48

What is the function of prolactin in birds?

Answer 48

It signals for the mother to incubate her eggs

Question 49

What occurs in the alveoli?

Answer 49

The epithelial cells synthesize milk, and the myoepithelial cells squeeze out the milk

Question 50

What is parturient paresis (milk fever)?

Answer 50

A condition that occurs when there is too little parathyroid hormone in the blood and calcium is not mobilized as needed to meet an animal's needs

Question 51

What does the metabolic profile look like at the beginning of lactation?

Answer 51

Negative energy balance; fat is mobilized

Question 52

Which milk solids component is most closely tied to milk yield?

Answer 52

Lactose

Question 53

What are the different forms of milk removal?

Answer 53

Suckling, hand milking, and mechanical milking

Question 54

How can low pressure for lactation be maintained?

Answer 54

Frequent milk removal