Study Guide: Continuous Improvement Flashcards
These charts are used to identify the most frequent issues
Pareto Charts (80/20 rule)
Graph used to compare the relationship between two continuous variables
Scatter Diagrams
A graphical representation of the frequency of occurrences of some event
Histogram
Used to summarize counts of events
Check Sheets
Used to monitor a quality characteristic
Control Charts
A process map that contains info on the suppliers, inputs, outputs, and customers of a process
SIPOC diagram (helps capture the voice of the customer and critical-to-quality factors
These charts help to determine potential disruptions to a process plan
Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)
Provide a visualization of hierarchical relationships of events that lead to some failure
Fault Trees
Used to summarize facts, opinions or ideas
Affinity Diagrams
Displays qualitative relationships between two sets of characteristics
Matrix Diagrams (QFD)
A means to identify sequential or cause and effect relationships of a problem
Interrelationship Diagraph
Provides a formal method for comparing decisions or ideas before making a final decision
Prioritization Matrices
Incremental change continually to improve a process
Kaizen
Focuses on customers involvement in determining quality, employees obligations to quality, and strong leadership from upper management in quality improvement efforts:
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Primary goal is to reduce the number of defects produced
Six Sigma
Drawback of six sigma programs
Lack of company buy-in because they focus on tools only
5S
Sort Set in order Shine Standardize Sustain
Visual cues to help ease restocking efforts
Kanban system
Used to organize a workplace
5S
Time it takes to complete an activity
Cycle Time
Time available / units required =
Takt time (based on customer demand)
Primary strength of the Theory of Constraints (TOC)
A system cannot improve by focusing improvements solely on individual processes
What value of sigma (standard deviation) is used to account for typical drifts from the mean?
+/- 1.5 Sigma
What value of Cp is associated a six sigma-quality level process?
2.0
What method is most effective way to implement six sigma?
Develop a six sigma infrastructure
Which tool is typically used first in a lean system?
Value Stream Map
After creating the value stream map, which step is next?
Non-value-added activities
Main benefit of implementing a Kanban system
Less inventory and a smoother flow of supplies
What measures the time from the last good part of one type to the first good part of the next?
Single-minute exchange of die (SMED)
What is the difference between cycle time and takt time?
Takt time is based on customer demand while cycle time measures the time to complete an activity
What is one of the most common causes of failures in problem solving?
Poor definition of the problem
During correction phase (of corrective action cycle) what is instrumental to success?
Creativity
During which phase (of corrective action cycle) does the team seek to continuously improve the performance by holding regular reviews?
Effectiveness Assessment
