Study Guide: Additional Questions Flashcards
Disadvantage of Pre-Control Charts
They don’t provide info on how to reduce variability
Attribute data is a term used to describe ______ data
Discrete
Includes detailed reaction plans that should be followed when a control method detects a problem
Control Plan
Details the steps an operator should take when the process has a problem
Reaction Plan
An improvement program based on minimizing variability
Six Sigma
Involves verifying that the process parameters will meet requirements under all manufacturing conditions
Operational Qualification
Inspection costs are what type of costs
Appraisal Costs
A control chart shows a process is out of control. What should you do
Brainstorm to determine cause of problem
Main purpose of interrelationship diagraph
To visualize casual relationships of a problem
An experiment where all treatment combinations of the factors are carried out
Full Factorial Design
What quality tool would be good for conducting a needs analysis when considering a new training program
Quality Function Deployment
Which phase of the corrective action cycle helps prevent problem backsliding
Recurrence Control
Considering the product/process development cycle, the phase in which a working model of the product or process is developed and tested is referred to as the
Prototype Phase
Who proposed using signal-to-noise ratios to improve robustness
Taguchi
What is a benefit of implementing standardized work
Reduction in process variation
More consistent products
Simplified downstream activities
A control chart was out of control but the operator failed to adjust the process. What is this called?
Undercontrol
A 3^5 experiment means that we are investigating
Three levels of five factors
The process for rating a supplier must include
Financial
Manufacturing
Quality systems
A quality project team is investigating the root cause of variation in a manufacturing facility. What stage of the DMAIC process would this be?
A - Analyze
What contributes to the precision of a measurement
Reproducibility
You suspect there is a linear relationship between two continuous variables. What is the first thing you should do?
Graph the data in a Scattergram
In which phase of the corrective action cycle does a team develop feasible solutions to improve a process?
Effectiveness Assessment
Measurement assurance is an important concept in metrology because
Little consideration is often given to a test operators contribution to measurement error
When there is no control in place to address a significant risk, or the control is insufficient for that particular risk, there is a
Control Gap
Two factors effect an experiments yield that takes place over several days. What type of design would be appropriate for this experiment
Randomized Block Design
It is a measure of the instantaneous rate of failure of a component at time t
Hazard Rate function
What is the effect of a factor that is indistinguishable from the effect of the interaction of two other factors called?
Confounding
A company produces a part continuously. Which type of OC curve is appropriate for the sampling plan?
Type B OC curve
Which probability distributions are skewed right?
Lognormal
Exponential
Chi-square
Steps for appropriate disposition of suspect material/products is usually found in
Reaction Plan
What happens in the norming stage
Individuals begin to shift from personal concerns to the needs of the team
In a crossed-array designed experiment, it is found that there are no significant control-by-noise interactions. This means
There is no robust design problem
In an acceptance sampling plan, how does the probability of acceptance change for a given fraction nonconforming as the acceptance number increases
Probability of acceptance increases
What is the first step to take when prioritizing corrective action?
Eliminate Occurrence
To get more accurate surface measurements, use a
Granite surface plate
For detecting surface defect in aluminum, the following testing method is appropriate
Liquid penetration testing
What describes the phenomenon in which high-order interactions are negligible and a system is dominated by the main effects and low-order interactions:
Sparsity-of-effects principle
If events A and B are mutually exclusive then probability is equal to
A+B
If events A and B are independent then probability of both occuring is equal to
A x B
Who is credited with the following definition of quality “conformance to specification”
Philip Crosby
In what way does the official definition of the base unit of mass differ from the definitions of other base units?
Its definition is in terms of a physical artifact
If a process it out of control, it is desirable to
Have a small average run length
A quantity derived from a sample data that describes the distribution is called a
Parameter
Disadvantage of using fractional factorial experiment is that
Effects are confounded
The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis is called
Power
The distribution on which np- charts are based is called
Binomial
A benefit of implementing an FMEA is that
Helps a team identify and eliminate the negative effects of potential failures before they occur
100% inspection is most appropriate when
The fraction of nonconforming products is high
What probability distribution is required for the results of a capability study to be considered valid?
Normal Distribution
When compared with attributes sampling plans, variables sampling plans
Provide info on how well a process is operating
Lean tool for helping to reduce changeover times is associated with Shigeo Shingo and Toyota
Standardized Work
Graphical method that assess the assumption of normality in the analysis of a designed experiment
Normal Probability Plot of Residuals
What criteria must a condition have to be qualified as a problem?
Variable performance from a set standard
Deviation from perception
Cause is unknown
A team is doing a project on errors in a customers files. What type of sampling is appropriate for this project?
Simple random sampling
The distribution on which c-charts are based is called
Poisson
What is a property of Dodge-Romig sampling tables?
They minimize average total inspection
Warranty issues are categories as which type of cost?
External Failure cost
What happens in the forming stage
The teams mission is clarified and specific roles are identified
What is the primary purpose of a process decision program chart (PDPC)?
To assess a process implementation plan during the initial phases of operation
To determine whether the data are autocorrelated, which method would be used?
Trend Analysis
Maintaining risk at or below an acceptable level is part of:
Risk Control
Provides a framework to iteratively improve a process
PDCA
Spare parts that need to be evaluated are an example of what type of cost?
Appraisal Cost
A machine has 6 subsystems and will fail when 4 or more fail. What type of system design is this?
k-out-of-n system
The consequences of a failure mode and its frequency of occurrence
Criticality
The Malcomb Baldrige National Quality Award emphasizes
Results
Drawback of Fault Tree Analysis
It’s too complicated since it does not require the user to know anything about the process or product
This provides a means to identify sequential or cause-and-effect relationships of a problem
Interrelationship diagraphs
