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Quality Engineer > 4. Product and Process Control > Flashcards

4. Product and Process Control Flashcards

1
Q

The ability of a measurement method to replicate a given result

A

Precision

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2
Q

If lack of reproducibility is large in comparison to repeatability..

A

Operator training required

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3
Q

The response to the detection of a problem:

Containment
Diagnosis
Verification
Disposition

A

Reaction Plan

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4
Q

Used to identify critical parameters related to product performance and customer satisfaction

A

Product Features Matrix

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5
Q

Repeatability

A

Minimum variability in results

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6
Q

Repeatability Standard Deviation

A

Measure of the dispersion of the distribution of test results under repeatability conditions

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7
Q

Method to test the measurement process as well as ensure that the process yields data that is statistically stable

A

Measurement Systems Analysis

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8
Q

Fraction nonconforming that the customer is willing to accept some percentage of the time although it is considered by the customer to be reject quality

A

Limiting Quality

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9
Q

Design changes that results from failure traceability systems often…

A

Decrease warranty costs

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10
Q

Most non-conformities are defects in this test

A

Non-destructive test

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11
Q

Control of Standard Integrity

A

Controlling and preventing damage to measuring equipment

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12
Q

Amount of hand pressure used to hold a gauge is what type of error

A

Random Error

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13
Q

A calibration process is optimum when

A

Equipment transport is not a factor

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14
Q

Is 28% measurement error acceptable?

A

28% error is possibly acceptable, based on that particular application and equipment

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15
Q

Is 38% measurement error acceptable?

A

No - 38% error is unacceptable

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16
Q

Implies that the variability of the measuring instrument is consistent

A

Repeatability

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17
Q

Material Review Board roles

A

Review material that does not conform to standard
Determine what its disposition should be
Drive the development of effective corrective action to prevent recurrence

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18
Q

Critical control point identification (3)

A
  • Impact on the customer
  • Impact on the next step in the process
  • Time required making corrections
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19
Q

Probability of acceptance vs fraction non-conforming - specific to each combination of sample size and acceptance number.

A

Operating Characteristic (OC) curves

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20
Q

Limit of a satisfactory process average

A

Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL)

21
Q

The poorest quality in an individual lot that should be accepted

A

Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD/RQL/LQL)

22
Q

The average quality after lots have been rejected (and then reworked) or accepted

A

Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ)

23
Q

The worst possible average quality

A

Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL)

24
Q

The most expensive sampling plan

A

Single Sampling

25
Q

Over a large number of samples, cheapest sampling plan

A

Double Sampling

26
Q

This sampling plan require fewer samples if very good or very bad quality products

A

Multiple Sampling

27
Q

Similar to multiple sampling but does not force a decision

A

Sequential Sampling

28
Q

Can calculate OC curves and AOQ - taken off line during production

A

Continuous Sampling (CSP)

29
Q

Designed to minimize average total inspection (ATI)

A

Dodge-Romig Sampling Tables

30
Q

Sample Integrity

A
  • An initial sample should be taken, documented, and maintained for traceability, where possible.
  • The process conditions at the time of the initial sample should be recorded.
  • All process references should be current and controlled
31
Q

Initial samples are maintained as a reference and a confirmation

A

Sample Control

32
Q

Accuracy and precision should be better than the preceding ones

A

Calibration

33
Q

A fixed anvil and a spindle that moves lengthwise as it turns

A

Micrometer

34
Q

Light rays are directed against the object and then reflected back through a projection lens onto a screen

A

Optical Comparators

35
Q

Relies on acceptance/periodic sampling during the manufacture in order to prepare a control chart

A

Destructive Test

36
Q

Non-Destructive Test examples

A

Liquid (dye) penetrant, magnetic particle testing, x-ray testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current, gamma ray testing

37
Q

Main objectives of Calibration (2)

A
  1. To reduce quality costs through the early detection of nonconforming products and processes with the use of measuring equipment of known accuracy.
  2. To provide customers (when they request it) with an indication of a supplier’s calibration capabilities.
38
Q

A process designed to quantify a laboratory’s measurement uncertainty relative to the national standard. Takes into account bias and random error

A

Traceability

39
Q

Possible results of measurement error

A
  • Actions may be taken based on meaningless data.
  • A process may appear to be out of control when it is not (and vice versa).
  • Control problems may be seen after it is too late to find special causes.
40
Q
  • An experimental and mathematical method of determining how much the variation within the measurement process contributes to overall process variability
  • Accuracy, Reproducibility, Repeatability
A

Measurement System Analysis (MSA)

41
Q

Determining the variation of a measurement system:

  • What approach should be used
  • How many operators are to be involved
  • How many sample parts are to be tested
  • What number of repeat readings will be needed
A

Repeatability and Reproducibility (gage R&R) Studies

42
Q

The minimum variability in results and implies that the variability of the measuring instrument itself is consistent

A

Repeatability

43
Q

The maximum variability in results and implies that variability across operators is consistent

A

Reproducibility

44
Q

The comparison of the measurement values between two or more different measurement systems

A

Measurement Correlation

45
Q

Variation between a known standard across the low and high end of the gauge

A

Linearity

46
Q

Using averages and range to study variability

  • 2-3 replications (r)
  • 2-3 appraisers (k)
  • 10 parts (n)
A

Control Chart Method

47
Q

Variation in accuracy readings over time on a given part

A

Stability

48
Q

Accepted Reference Value – Average of Multiple Measurements

A

Accuracy

Quality Engineer (16 decks)

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