Student presentations Flashcards
What causes Rhinopneumonoitis?
Equine herpesvirus 1
Equine herpesvirus 4
What does Rhinopneumonitis cause?
Respiratory conditions
Abortion
Neurologic conditions
Which equine herepesvirus causes abortion storms in mares?
EHV-1
What are the clinical signs of stallions that acquire EHV-1?
Scrotal edema
Loss of libido
Reduced sperm quality
What are the neurologic signs associated with Rhinopneumonitis?
Ataxia Fever Loss of anal tone Paralysis of tail Urinary incontinence Recumbency
Which family of EHV cauces the most serious health risk for equine?
1, 3 and 4
Equine herpes virus is difficult to clinically differentiate from what?
Equine influenza
Equine viral arteritis
What other species are prone to Equine herpesvirus 1?
Llamas
Alpacas
Are there vaccines for Equine herpesvirus?
Yes
What is the prognosis for survival of Equine Herpesvirus?
50% with the neurologic form
Does the vaccine protect against the neuropathic form of Equine Herpesvirus?
No
are there zoonotic concerns for EHV?
NO
What is a blood-borne infectious viral disease caused by a lentivirus of the Retroviridae family that is usually spread by vectors?
Equine infectious anemia
What are the symptoms of Equine infectious anemia?
Fever Anorexia Lethargy Pale mucous membranes Petechiae Thrombocytopenia Anemia
Why is equine infectious anemia difficult to diagonse?
Many infected animals are asymptomatic
What are the differential diagnosis of EIA?
Anthrax
Influenza
Equine encephalitis
Does Equine infectious anemia affect other animals?
No only members of the equine family
What is the gold standard test to diagnose EIA?
Coggin’s test
Is there treatment or vaccine for EIA?
No
How quickly can EIA become fatal?
2 to 3 weeks
Chronic cases will become lifelong carriers of the disease . Can survivors infect other horses?
Yes. They must be segregated from all other horses for the rest of their lives
What biting insects cause EIA?
Tabanidae family
Stomoxys calcitrans
What is the distance that should be kept between healthy horses and infected horses?
Greater than 200 meteres
What is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the upper airway in horses?
Equine strangles
What bacteria causes Equine strangles?
Streptococcus equi
What does strangles cause?
Swollen lymph nodes that can block the upper airway
How is Strangles spread?
Through nasal secretions
Can other livestock get strangles?
No just the family of equids
How is strangles treated?
Antibiotic therapy (Penicillin)
What is the supportive care of horses with Strangles?
Isolate the horse
Apply hot compresses to the abscesses to encourage rupture and drainage
Why is antibiotic therapy delayed for treating Strangles?
To let the abscesses rupture so not to prolong the disease
Prevent the horses from developing immunity to the infection
Where can the bacteria that causes strangles hang out causes chronic carriers?
Guttural pouch
Is there a vaccine for Strangles?
Yes
It is considered a “risk-based” vaccine
Is prognosis good for strangles?
Yes
Recovery takes 3 to 6 weeks
Is strangles zoonotic?
Yes
What is a condition of the hoof wall where there is a reduction of the blood supply to the lamina?
Laminitis
When the blood supply is reduced in the lamina what does this cause in the hoof wall?
The connection between the hoof wall and coffin bone to break down allowing the coffin bone to begin to sink or rotate
Laminitis and Founder are usually used interchangeably, but Founder can usually refer to waht?
Chronic laminitis condition
Who can get lamnitis?
Any animal with hooves
Is there a concern with biosecurity or zoonosis with laminitis?
No
What are the signs and symptoms of acute laminitis?
Lameness Shifting weight Reluctance to walk or desire to be recumbent Heat in the feet Increased digital pulse Pain in the toe region "Sawhorse stance" Cavitation/depression along the coronary band Anorexia
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic laminitis?
Rings on the hoof wall Bruised soles Widened white line Blood or serum oozing from coronary band Seromas/Abscesses Dropped soles/ flat feet Dished hooves
What is the best, easiest way to diagnose laminitis?
x-rays
What are the differential diagnosis for laminitis?
Solar bruising
Abscess
What is the treatment for laminitis?
Pain control with NSAIDs Shoes with proper padding No black walnut shavings Dietary changes Treating/preventing underlying condition
What NSAIDs are used to treat laminitis?
Bute
Banamine
What is the prognosis of laminitis?
Depends on the severity of the case
Can make a full recovery
What is porcine epidemic diarrhea virus?
Member of the genera Alphacoronavirus in the family coronoavirdae
What does Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea cause?
Acute diarrhea
Vomiting
Dehydration
High mortality rate in neonatal piglets
What are the differential diagnosis for PEDV?
Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis
Porcine Deltacoronavirus
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Parasitic Gastroenteritis
What species is affected by PEDV?
Only swine
What is the main route of transmission of PEDV?
Fecal-oral route
How can PEDV be diagnosed?
PCR
ELISA
Immunohistochemistry
Immunofluorescence
What are the treatments available for PEDV?
There are no effective treatments or vaccines for PEDV
What can be done to control PEDV?
Keep sanitary and quarantine measures
Good care and provisions of adequate water to combat dehydration
What is the prognosis of PEDV in piglets?
almost 100%
What is the importance of PEDV to the livestock industry?
It has led to significant economic losses in Europe and Asia
Killed nearly 10% of pig in US in 2013 and 2014
What is important and can significantly reduce the risk of transmission for PEDV?
Implementation of an appropriate biosecurity plan
Is PEDV zoonotic?
NO
