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Large Animal > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

What is housed in a group?

A

Harem

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2
Q

Adult female

A

Female/dam

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3
Q

Castrated male

A

Gelding

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4
Q

Neonate

A

Cria

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5
Q

A camelid older than 1 year but not yet 2 years of age

A

Yearling

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6
Q

Normal temperature in camelids

A

99 degrees to F to 101.5 degrees F

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7
Q

Normal pulse rate in camelids

A

60 to 90 per minute

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8
Q

Normal respiration rate in camelids

A

10 to 30 per minute

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9
Q

What is a normal weight of a Llama?

A

280 to 450 lbs

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10
Q

What is a normal weight for an Alpaca?

A

150 to 185 lb

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11
Q

What is the difference between Alpacas and Llamas?

A

Alpacas are smaller than Llamas

Alpacas are softer than Llamas

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12
Q

What are the wild cousins of Alpacas and Llamas?

A

Vicunas and Guanacos

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13
Q

What are the methods of restraint for Camelids?

A

Halter
Stocks
Chutes
Tilt Table

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14
Q

What type of estrous cycle cycle do Camelids have?

A

Polyestrous

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15
Q

What is the gestation period of Camelids?

A

335 to 365 days

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16
Q

What is the optimal time of breeding for Camelids?

A

They are induced ovulators

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17
Q

Crias are born with what?

A

An epidermal membrane

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18
Q

The epidermal membrane is connected to what?

A

Mucocutaneous junctions and coronary bands

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19
Q

What is the normal body temperature for a cria?

A

100 degrees F to 102 degrees F

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20
Q

What is a normal heart rate for a cria?

A

70 and 100 bpm

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21
Q

What is normal respiration for a cria?

A

20 to 30 bpm

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22
Q

What increases the chances of abscess formation in crias?

A

Suture of the umbilical stump as it does not allow for proper drainage

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23
Q

When is the best time to test for passive transfer?

A

Between 36 hours and 7 days of age

24
Q

What is a common cause of mortality in camelid neonates?

A

Failure of passive transfer

25
Q

What is an adequate colostrum intake?

A

10% to 20% of body weight in 24 hours

26
Q

What is known as the Berserk Male Syndrome?

A

orphan or bottle-fed male camelids can be very dangerous

27
Q

What are the different methods of restraining camelids

A

Halters, stocks, chutes, and tilt tables are used for restraining camelids

28
Q

Why is live cover the common method used to breed camelids?

A

because they are induced ovulators

29
Q

How is semen collected in camelids?

A

either an artificial vagina or electroejaculation

30
Q

Why is the left uterine horn recommended for artificial insemination in camelids?

A

because it is more likely for the pregnancy to take from that side

31
Q

How many crias are typically born?

A

One or two crias are typically born

32
Q

In what species of small camelids are twins more common in?

A

Llamas

33
Q

Do camelids typically eat the placenta?

A

No

34
Q

Why are crias predisposed to Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)?

A

because the nature of their placenta is a diffuse epitheliochorial, which leads to poor transfer of antibodies

35
Q

What is the permanent dentition in camelids?

A

2x (1/3 I, 1/1 C, 2-3/1-2 P, 0/0 M)

36
Q

As functional ruminants, what is the best diet for camelids?

A

A diet low in protein (10% crude protein for maintenance), 0.3% calcium, low calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (1:2:1), no copper and no oats is best for camelids

37
Q

What is unique about Camelid erythrocytes?

A

Camelid erythrocytes are oval and can swell up to 240% of their normal size without being destroyed

38
Q

Camelids are susceptible to which mineral toxicity?

A

Copper

39
Q

What is seen with Iron deficiencies? Zinc deficiencies?

A

Failure to thrive syndome is cria is thought to be linked to iron deficiencies, while zinc deficiencies can cause
dermatitis.

40
Q

What anatomical locations are palpated to decide the appropriate BCS?

A

The ribs and the spinal process are palpated to evaluate BCS

41
Q

What are the 2 different techniques used to obtain a blood sample from the jugular vein

A

high-neck jugular and the low-neck jugular

42
Q

What is the location for abdominocentesis in camelids?

A

Ventral midline just caudal to the umbilicus

43
Q

Why is catheterization of the male bladder difficult to impossible to perform?

A

because of a dorsal recess at the level of the ischial arch.

44
Q

What should be avoided when giving oral medications in camelids?

A

Avoid injecting medication into the cheek pouch because it may cause ulceration after prolonged contact with the medication.

45
Q

What are locations where subcutaneous injections can be given in camelids?

A

cranial to the shoulder and caudal to the elbow

46
Q

What location should be avoided do IM injections

A

The neck muscles

47
Q

What is important to know when trimming camelids’ hooves?

A

Camelids have a toenail around a soft footpad rather than a hoof.

48
Q

What is the most common complication of camelid anesthesia

A

Nasal edema

49
Q

What is the issue when Guaifenesin is used in concentrations greater than 10%?

A

Guaifenesin can cause hemolysis in ruminants when used in concentrations greater than 10%

50
Q

What is important to know regarding extubation of camelids

A

extubated with the ET tube cuff inflated to help drag saliva and regurgitation out of the trachea

51
Q

Why is it recommended to wait until 2 years of age before castrating camelids?

A

allows the musculoskeletal system to mature. Otherwise the camelid is prone to lateral patellar luxation and degenerative osteoarthritis in the stifle joints

52
Q

What 2 methods are commonly used to castrate camelids?

A

Scrotal castration and prescrotal castration

53
Q

What are the two surgical approaches (locations) to perform cesarean sections in camelids?

A

ventral midline laparotomy or through the paralumbar fossa

54
Q

What is found in a White tail deer, causes severe inflammation of the nervous system and death in 30-60 days after infection?

A

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

55
Q

What causes anemia, pale mucous membranes, bottle jaw and death?

A

Haemonchus
Ostertagia
Trichostrongylus

Large Animal (40 decks)

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