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Large Animal > Breeding Data > Flashcards

Breeding Data Flashcards

1
Q

Type of estrous cycle

A

Year-round polyestrous

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2
Q

Age of female at puberty

A

7 to 18 months

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3
Q

Age of male at puberty

A

7 to 18 months

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4
Q

Time of first breeding

A

15 months

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5
Q

Estrus cycle frequency

A

21 days

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6
Q

Estrus cycle frequency

A

21 days

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7
Q

Duration of estrus

A

18 days

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8
Q

Time of ovulation

A

12 to 18 hours of estrus

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9
Q

Optimmal time of breeding

A

12 hours after standing heat

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10
Q

Gestation period

A

283 days

276 to 295 days

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11
Q

Birth weight

A

60 to 100 days

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12
Q

Litter size

A

One to two

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13
Q

Weaning age

A

Dairy: 3 months
Beef: 4 to 6 months

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14
Q

What is the most commonly used method for semen collection?

A

Electroejaculation

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15
Q

How is artificial insemination accomplished?

A

intrauterine transcervical approach

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16
Q

What are the steps of a successful embryo transfer in cattle?

A 
Superovulation
Insemination
Collection of embryos
Identification and selection of embryos
Embryo transfer
17
Q

What is the first step of the embryo transfer in cattle?

A

Superovulation

18
Q

How often is artificial insemination performed?

A

12 to 18 hours apart

19
Q

When are the embryos collected?

A

6 to 8 days after artificial insemination

20
Q

What are the clinical changes associated with impending parturition?

A

Softening of the muscles and ligaments of the hindquarters and tail head

21
Q

How long does stage one of parturition last?

A

6 hours

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of stage 1 parturition?

A

Restlessness
Little interest in food
Kicking at belly and straining

23
Q

How long does stage 2 parturition last in cows?

A

30 mins to 4 hours

24
Q

If no progress is made after how long of straining to deliver is assistance needed?

A

1 hour

25
Q

How long does it take for a cow to pass the placenta?

A

4 to 6 hours

Up to 12 hours is not uncommon

26
Q

What is more common in cattle than in horses?

A

Dystocia

27
Q

Why does dystocia occur in cattle?

A

Mutation via traction

Fetotomy

28
Q

The following needs of the newborn must be addressed:

A 
Oxygenation and pulse assessment
Temperature regulation
Care of umbilical cord and umbilicus
Nutrition
Bonding of cow and calf
Passage of meconium
Adequacy of passive transfer of antibodies
Physical examination of the calf
29
Q

What should be passed within the first 24 hours of life

A

Meconium

30
Q

What account for most cases of septicemia and what is most often isolated?

A

Gram-negative

Escherichia

Large Animal (40 decks)

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