Breeding Data Flashcards
Type of estrous cycle
Year-round polyestrous
Age of female at puberty
7 to 18 months
Age of male at puberty
7 to 18 months
Time of first breeding
15 months
Estrus cycle frequency
21 days
Estrus cycle frequency
21 days
Duration of estrus
18 days
Time of ovulation
12 to 18 hours of estrus
Optimmal time of breeding
12 hours after standing heat
Gestation period
283 days
276 to 295 days
Birth weight
60 to 100 days
Litter size
One to two
Weaning age
Dairy: 3 months
Beef: 4 to 6 months
What is the most commonly used method for semen collection?
Electroejaculation
How is artificial insemination accomplished?
intrauterine transcervical approach
What are the steps of a successful embryo transfer in cattle?
Superovulation Insemination Collection of embryos Identification and selection of embryos Embryo transfer
What is the first step of the embryo transfer in cattle?
Superovulation
How often is artificial insemination performed?
12 to 18 hours apart
When are the embryos collected?
6 to 8 days after artificial insemination
What are the clinical changes associated with impending parturition?
Softening of the muscles and ligaments of the hindquarters and tail head
How long does stage one of parturition last?
6 hours
What are the clinical signs of stage 1 parturition?
Restlessness
Little interest in food
Kicking at belly and straining
How long does stage 2 parturition last in cows?
30 mins to 4 hours
If no progress is made after how long of straining to deliver is assistance needed?
1 hour
How long does it take for a cow to pass the placenta?
4 to 6 hours
Up to 12 hours is not uncommon
What is more common in cattle than in horses?
Dystocia
Why does dystocia occur in cattle?
Mutation via traction
Fetotomy
The following needs of the newborn must be addressed:
Oxygenation and pulse assessment Temperature regulation Care of umbilical cord and umbilicus Nutrition Bonding of cow and calf Passage of meconium Adequacy of passive transfer of antibodies Physical examination of the calf
What should be passed within the first 24 hours of life
Meconium
What account for most cases of septicemia and what is most often isolated?
Gram-negative
Escherichia
