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Large Animal > Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases > Flashcards

Common Ovine and Caprine Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is common in sheep and goats playing or in rut?

A

Big head

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2
Q

What is the causative agent of Big Head?

A

Clostridium novyi
C. sordellii
C. chauvoei

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of Big Head?

A

Head butting and fighting causes bruising or laceration and edematous swelling

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4
Q

How is Big Head treated?

A

Antibiotics –> Procaine penicillin

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5
Q

What antibiotic cannot be used in large animals?

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

What is the causative agent of black disease?

A

Clostridium novyi Type B

  • Found in the soil and spores are ingested
  • Bacterial toxins cause liver necrosis
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7
Q

The presence of what parasite predisposes sheep and goats to liver damage?

A

Liver flukes (Fasicola hepatica)

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of Black Disease?

A

Respiratory distress
Anorexia
Fever
Often found dead

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Black Disease?

A

Tetracycline LA200

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10
Q

How is Black Disease diagnosed?

A

Culture (gram-positive organism)

Necropsy

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11
Q

How is Black Disease prevented?

A

Vaccine

Prevent liver flukes

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12
Q

What is considered a reproductive disease because it causes abortions?

A

Brucellosis

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of Brucellosis?

A

Brucella ovis & Brucella melitensis in sheep

Brucella melitensis & Brucella abortus in goats

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Brucellosis?

A 
Abortion
Epididymitis
Lameness
Mastitis
Diarrhea
Depression
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15
Q

How is Brucellosis diagnosed?

A

Agglutination tests or complement fixation

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16
Q

How is Brucellosis treated?

A

It is not

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17
Q

Is Brucellosis zoonotic?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the causative agent of Caseous Lymphadenitis?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Abscessation of lymph nodes
Abscesses in internal organs

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19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Caseous Lymphadenitis?

A

Dyspnea
Tachypnea
Cough
Weight Loss

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20
Q

How is Caseous lymphadenitis diagnosed?

A

Culture from transtracheal wash
Radiographs
Necropsy (walled off abscess)

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21
Q

What is the treatment of Caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Management

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22
Q

What reportable, reproductive disease is spread through oronasal contact with aborted tissues, vaginal discharge and contaminated neonates?

A

Chlamydophilosis

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23
Q

What is the causative agent of Chlamydophilosis?

A

Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci)

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24
Q

What is Chlamydophilosis otherwise known as?

A

Enzoonotic Abortion in Ewes

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25
Q

What are the clinical signs of Chlamydophilosis?

A 
Abortion
Weak or still born lambs
Pneumonia
Keratoconjunctivitis
Epididymitis
Polyarthritis
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26
Q

How is Chlamydophilosis diagnosed?

A

ELISA
Fluorescent antibody staining
PCR
Culture isolation

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27
Q

How is Chlamydophilosis treated?

A

Oxytetracycline
Isolation of females that have aborted
Fetal tissue or placenta should be burned or buried
Management

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28
Q

What is the causative agent of Clostridium perfringens

A

Clostridium perfringesnes

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29
Q

What are the clinical signs of Clostridium perfringens?

A

Diarrhea

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30
Q

What are the types of Clostridium perfringens and what do they have to do with?

A

A, B, C,D

Has to due with the toxins

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31
Q

Type B Clostridium perfringens

A

Lamb dystentery

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32
Q

Type C Clostridium perfringens

A

Most commonly affects goats

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33
Q

Type D Clostridium perfringens

A

Usually seen in feedlot lambs

Associated with high concentrate diet

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34
Q

How is Clostridium perfringens diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

Necropsy

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35
Q

How is Clostridium perfringens treated?

A

Management

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36
Q

Is there prevention for Clostridium perfringens?

A

Yes, a vaccine

37
Q

What is the causative agent of Joint Ill?

A

Mixed bacterial infection

  • Staphylococci
  • Streptococci
  • Corynebacterium spp
  • Actinomyces
  • Coliform bacteria
38
Q

What are the clinical signs of Joint ill?

A 
Warm, painful, swollen joints
Lameness
Fever
Umbilical cord abscessation
Leukocytosis with left shift
39
Q

How is joint ill diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

Culture and sensitivity

40
Q

What is the treatment of joint ill?

A

Antibiotics and joint flushing

41
Q

Who does joint ill primarily affect?

A

Kids

42
Q

What reportable disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis?

A

Paratuberculosis ( Johne’s Disease)

43
Q

What does paratuberculosis cause?

A

Granulomatous enteritis (cobblestone appearance of intestinal lining)

44
Q

What disease has a characteristic “Saw horse stance” and lambs can get it post elastrator castration?

A

Tetanus

45
Q

What is the causative agent of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?

A

Prion

Scrapie

46
Q

What is Prion?

A

A misfolded protein that gets into the brain

47
Q

What sheep are most commonly diagnosed with Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?

A

Suffolk sheep

48
Q

What are the clinical signs of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE)

A 
Wool or hair loss
Ataxia
Weight loss
Starring
Aggressiveness
Floppy ears
Tremors
Seizures
Inability to swallow
Death
49
Q

How is Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy diagnosed?

A

Finding the prion protein with an immunostaining of lymphoid tissue

50
Q

What is the treatment of TSE?

A

There is none

51
Q

What is TSE similar to?

A

Mad cow disease

Reportable

52
Q

What is the causative agent for the reporductive disease Vibrosis?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter fetus

53
Q

What are the clinical signs of Vibrosis?

A

Late-term abortion
Stillbirths
Weak lambs

54
Q

How is vibrosis diagnosed?

A

Culture on aborted tissue

55
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrosis?

A

Antibiotics

Vaccination

56
Q

What is the causative agent for Toxoplasma?

A

Toxoplasma gondii (protozoan)

57
Q

What are the clinical signs of Toxoplasma?

A 
Fetal death
Abortion
Embryonic death
Stillbirth
Weak nonviable neonates
58
Q

How is Toxoplasma diagnosed?

A

Serologic tests (ELISA)

59
Q

What is the treatment for Toxoplasma?

A

Prevent cat access to sheep areas

60
Q

What about Toxoplasma in sheep and goats is infectious to humans?

A

Aborted tissues may be infectious to humans

61
Q

What is the causative agent of Blue tongue, a reproductive and reportable disease?

A

Orbivirus

62
Q

What is responsible for transmitting the virus that causes Bluetongue?

A

Culicoides gnat

63
Q

What are the clinical signs of Blue tongue?

A

Ulcerations on the mouth or nose
Lame
Fever
Abortion

64
Q

How is Bluetongue diagnosed?

A

viral isolation

65
Q

How is Blue tongue treated?

A

Insect control

66
Q

What is the causative agent of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis (CAE) a reportable disease?

A

Retroviral

67
Q

What are the clinical signs of Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis (CAE)

A

Neurologic
Arthritic
Mastitic

68
Q

How is CAE diagnosed?

A

AGID
CS
Necropsy

69
Q

How is CAE transmitted?

A

Primarily from doe to kid via colostrum

70
Q

What is the treatment of CAE?

A

There is none

71
Q

What is a highly zoonotic disease that causes pustular dermatitis?

A 
Contagious Ecthyma (aka ORF)
Poxvirus
72
Q

What are the clinical signs of contagious Ecthyma?

A

Lesions in oral cavity, eyelids, feet and teats

lameness

73
Q

How is contagious ecthyma diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

74
Q

How is contagious ecthyma diagnosed?

A

Secondary bacterial infections and supportive care

75
Q

What is the causative agent for Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?

A

Retroviridae family

76
Q

What are the clinical signs of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?

A 
Coughing
Bronchial exudates
Anorexia
Fever
Depression
Encephalitis
Mastitis
77
Q

How is Ovine Progressive Pneumonia diagnosed?

A

Necropsy
ELISA
AGID
Virus isolation

78
Q

What is the treatment for Ovine Progressive Pneumonia?

A

None

79
Q

What are the causative agents for Entropion?

A 
Congenital
Trauma
Severe dehydration
Weight loss
Painful ocular conditions
80
Q

What are the clinical signs of Entropion?

A 
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
Epiphora
Keratoconjunctivitis
Eye rubbing
81
Q

How is Entropion diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

82
Q

What is the treatment for Entropion?

A

Surgery

Antibiotics

83
Q

What is also known as Spider Lamb Syndrome?

A

Hereditary Chondrodysplasia

84
Q

What is the causative agent for Hereditary Chondrodysplasia?

A

Inheritable

85
Q

What are the clinical signs of Hereditary Chondrodysplasia?

A

Skeletal defects are primarily seen in Suffolk or Hampshire breeds

86
Q

What is the causative agent for Metritis?

A

Clostridium spp

87
Q

What are the clinical signs of Metritis?

A

Vaginal discharge

88
Q

How is Metritis diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

89
Q

How is Metritis treated?

A

Prostaglandins and oxytocin
Antibiotics
Uterine lavage or flushing

Large Animal (40 decks)

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