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Large Animal > External Coaptation > Flashcards

External Coaptation Flashcards

1
Q

What does external coaptation consist of?

A 
Leg bandages and splints
Limb casts
Head & face bandages
Abdominal wraps
Tail bandages
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2
Q

What are the indications of external coaptation?

A

Reduce (compress) dead space
Prevent further injury
Immobilize a limb or joint (tendon laceration)
Protects limb during transportation, work or performance

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3
Q

All layers of a bandage should be applied how?

A

In the same direction

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4
Q

What bandages are used to protect the horse during work or turnout?

A

Exercise bandages and wraps

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5
Q

What bandages are used to protect the horse during transportation?

A

Shipping bandages

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6
Q

What is the most common type of bandages?

A

Distal limb bandage

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7
Q

What utilizes items such as PVC with the stack wrap?

A

External coaptation splint

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8
Q

What bandage is placed on the hoof, and takes off the pressure off the canon bone or a tendon injury?

A

Kimzy Splint

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9
Q

What is used mostly when there has been damage to the hoof or surgery has been performed in that area?

A

Hoof bandages

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10
Q

What is the grey material for the bottom of the cast?

A

Techno vit

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11
Q

What equipment is used for trimming feet on horses?

A

Nippers and file

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12
Q

What does a good hoof look like?

A

Aligned horn tubules
Hoof balance
Long toe, under run heel

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13
Q

What part of the feet is nip/clipped off first?

A

The quarters, then progress toward the tube

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14
Q

What horses are cystocentesis commonly performed on?

A

Foals

Miniature horses

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15
Q

What does horse urine commonly contain?

A

Calcium carbonate crystals

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16
Q

What is the accumulation of secretions from sebaceous glands, sweat glands, dead cells and dirt?

A

Smegma

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17
Q

The accumulation of the smegma is found in the urethral fossa and is called what?

A

The bean

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18
Q

Enemas are usually performed in newborn foals to help with the passage of what?

A

Meconium (1st stool)

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19
Q

Can you tear the rectum with an enema?

A

Yes can cause a septicemia

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20
Q

Where is abdominocentesis performed?

A

The most dependent part of the abdomen and 1-2 cm to the right of midline

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21
Q

What are the two points of resistance for an abdominocentesis?

A

Abdominal wall and peritoneum

22
Q

When placing the catheter for an abdominocentesis, why should you insert to the right of midline?

A

To avoid the spleen

23
Q

Why should the EDTA from the tube be shaken out before the sample is collected?

A

Can falsely elevated total protein

24
Q

Normal equine peritoneal fluid is what?

A

Translucent and very pale yellow to amber
Total protein is less than 2g/dL
WBC is less than 5,000-10,000/ mcl

25
Q

Lameness exam is executed using what?

A

Nerve blocks

26
Q

How do you perform a nerve block or joint injection?

A

Insert the needle first and then attach the syringe

27
Q

When performing an arthrocentesis, what sample should be collected first and what do you use the serum tube for?

A

EDTA sample should be collected first (at least 1mL of fluid)
The serum tube is used to collect samples for culture

28
Q

What kinds of medications are injected into a joint?

A 
Steroids
Antibiotics
Hyaluronic acid
Stem cells
platelet-rich plasma
29
Q

When collecting a sample for a CSF tap, which location does the horse need to be under general anesthesia?

A

Atlantoocipital Space

30
Q

Where is the atlantooccipital space located?

A

Just caudal to the poll on dorsal midline at the level of the wings of the atlas

31
Q

When collecting a sample for cerbrospinal fluid, which location is the horse standing and awake?

A

Lumbosacral space

32
Q

Where is the lumbosacral space located?

A

Located on the dorsal midline at the level of the wings of the ilium

33
Q

In what situations is a thoracocentesis indicated

A

Pneumonia

Pleural pneumonia

34
Q

When collecting a sample for thoracocentesis, where is the sample collected and what size needle is used?

A

Through the intercostal space

A large gauge at least 3” long or a 14 or 16 g needle 3” long

35
Q

When performing an endoscopic transtracheal aspiration where is the endscope placed?

A

Placed in the trachea and tubing is passed through the biopsy channel.
Sterile saline is injected and aspirated

36
Q

In which procedure is the sample taken directly from the trachea through the skin?

A

Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration

37
Q

Where do you insert the needle when performing a percutaneous transtracheal aspiration?

A

The ventral midline of the neck, over the middle 3rd of the cervical trachea, placed between the tracheal rings

38
Q

How is the horse restrained for a percutaneous transtracheal aspiration?

A

Standing position
Local anesthetic is used
Neck is held level to ground and not allowed to move

39
Q

Is the horse sedated for the percutaneous transtracheal aspiration?

A

No, it could interfere with the cough reflex

40
Q

In which procedure is sterile tubing passed through the endoscope as far possible into the lower airways?

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

41
Q

What solution is used to rinse the eye?

A

Povidone-iodine diluted with 50% saline

42
Q

What eye diseases do horses get?

A 
Trauma (common)
Recurrent anterior uveitis (Moon blindness)
Cataracts
Sarcoids
Melanomas
Squamous cell carcinomas
43
Q

In what breeds are squamous cell carcinomas common?

A

Paints and Appaloosas

44
Q

When performing a nasalacrimal duct flushing, what catheter is used and where is it inserted?

A

20 to 22 g lacrimal cannula or flexible catheter

Inserted into the nasal punctum

45
Q

What is the process of making a larger diameter hole into a sinus by removal of a small, circular piece of bone?

A

Trephining

46
Q

What is the procedure that requires a small-diameter hole through the bone into a sinus?

A

Sinocentesis

47
Q

What is the thin fold extending to the anti-mesenteric surface of the jejunum and the vitelline artery and associated mesentery that fail to atrophy during early embryonic development?

A

Mesodiverticular band

48
Q

What drug is used for IV injection to euthanasia for horses?

A

Pentobarbital overdose

49
Q

What other methods are used to euthanize horses?

A 
Penetrating captive bolt
Inhalant anesthetics
IV injection of KCL
Gunshot
IV injection of chloral hydrate
50
Q

What methods of euthanasia are absolutely condemned?

A

Neuromuscular blocking agents

May be used in emergency situations

Large Animal (40 decks)

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