External Coaptation Flashcards
What does external coaptation consist of?
Leg bandages and splints Limb casts Head & face bandages Abdominal wraps Tail bandages
What are the indications of external coaptation?
Reduce (compress) dead space
Prevent further injury
Immobilize a limb or joint (tendon laceration)
Protects limb during transportation, work or performance
All layers of a bandage should be applied how?
In the same direction
What bandages are used to protect the horse during work or turnout?
Exercise bandages and wraps
What bandages are used to protect the horse during transportation?
Shipping bandages
What is the most common type of bandages?
Distal limb bandage
What utilizes items such as PVC with the stack wrap?
External coaptation splint
What bandage is placed on the hoof, and takes off the pressure off the canon bone or a tendon injury?
Kimzy Splint
What is used mostly when there has been damage to the hoof or surgery has been performed in that area?
Hoof bandages
What is the grey material for the bottom of the cast?
Techno vit
What equipment is used for trimming feet on horses?
Nippers and file
What does a good hoof look like?
Aligned horn tubules
Hoof balance
Long toe, under run heel
What part of the feet is nip/clipped off first?
The quarters, then progress toward the tube
What horses are cystocentesis commonly performed on?
Foals
Miniature horses
What does horse urine commonly contain?
Calcium carbonate crystals
What is the accumulation of secretions from sebaceous glands, sweat glands, dead cells and dirt?
Smegma
The accumulation of the smegma is found in the urethral fossa and is called what?
The bean
Enemas are usually performed in newborn foals to help with the passage of what?
Meconium (1st stool)
Can you tear the rectum with an enema?
Yes can cause a septicemia
Where is abdominocentesis performed?
The most dependent part of the abdomen and 1-2 cm to the right of midline
What are the two points of resistance for an abdominocentesis?
Abdominal wall and peritoneum
When placing the catheter for an abdominocentesis, why should you insert to the right of midline?
To avoid the spleen
Why should the EDTA from the tube be shaken out before the sample is collected?
Can falsely elevated total protein
Normal equine peritoneal fluid is what?
Translucent and very pale yellow to amber
Total protein is less than 2g/dL
WBC is less than 5,000-10,000/ mcl
Lameness exam is executed using what?
Nerve blocks
How do you perform a nerve block or joint injection?
Insert the needle first and then attach the syringe
When performing an arthrocentesis, what sample should be collected first and what do you use the serum tube for?
EDTA sample should be collected first (at least 1mL of fluid)
The serum tube is used to collect samples for culture
What kinds of medications are injected into a joint?
Steroids Antibiotics Hyaluronic acid Stem cells platelet-rich plasma
When collecting a sample for a CSF tap, which location does the horse need to be under general anesthesia?
Atlantoocipital Space
Where is the atlantooccipital space located?
Just caudal to the poll on dorsal midline at the level of the wings of the atlas
When collecting a sample for cerbrospinal fluid, which location is the horse standing and awake?
Lumbosacral space
Where is the lumbosacral space located?
Located on the dorsal midline at the level of the wings of the ilium
In what situations is a thoracocentesis indicated
Pneumonia
Pleural pneumonia
When collecting a sample for thoracocentesis, where is the sample collected and what size needle is used?
Through the intercostal space
A large gauge at least 3” long or a 14 or 16 g needle 3” long
When performing an endoscopic transtracheal aspiration where is the endscope placed?
Placed in the trachea and tubing is passed through the biopsy channel.
Sterile saline is injected and aspirated
In which procedure is the sample taken directly from the trachea through the skin?
Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration
Where do you insert the needle when performing a percutaneous transtracheal aspiration?
The ventral midline of the neck, over the middle 3rd of the cervical trachea, placed between the tracheal rings
How is the horse restrained for a percutaneous transtracheal aspiration?
Standing position
Local anesthetic is used
Neck is held level to ground and not allowed to move
Is the horse sedated for the percutaneous transtracheal aspiration?
No, it could interfere with the cough reflex
In which procedure is sterile tubing passed through the endoscope as far possible into the lower airways?
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
What solution is used to rinse the eye?
Povidone-iodine diluted with 50% saline
What eye diseases do horses get?
Trauma (common) Recurrent anterior uveitis (Moon blindness) Cataracts Sarcoids Melanomas Squamous cell carcinomas
In what breeds are squamous cell carcinomas common?
Paints and Appaloosas
When performing a nasalacrimal duct flushing, what catheter is used and where is it inserted?
20 to 22 g lacrimal cannula or flexible catheter
Inserted into the nasal punctum
What is the process of making a larger diameter hole into a sinus by removal of a small, circular piece of bone?
Trephining
What is the procedure that requires a small-diameter hole through the bone into a sinus?
Sinocentesis
What is the thin fold extending to the anti-mesenteric surface of the jejunum and the vitelline artery and associated mesentery that fail to atrophy during early embryonic development?
Mesodiverticular band
What drug is used for IV injection to euthanasia for horses?
Pentobarbital overdose
What other methods are used to euthanize horses?
Penetrating captive bolt Inhalant anesthetics IV injection of KCL Gunshot IV injection of chloral hydrate
What methods of euthanasia are absolutely condemned?
Neuromuscular blocking agents
May be used in emergency situations
