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Large Animal > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for females of all classes of poultry?

A

Hen

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2
Q

What is the term describing the female chicken that has not yet started to lay eggs

A

Pullet

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3
Q

What is the term to describe hens or pullets producing eggs?

A

Layer

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4
Q

What is the term to describe a breeder or commerical type egg hen that no longer performs at desrired production levels?

A

Spent hen

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5
Q

What is the term to describe a sexually mature intact male before 6 months of age?

A

Cock

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6
Q

What is the term describing a male chicken usually kept for breeding?

A

Rooster

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7
Q

What is the term describing a male chicken under 10 months of age that shows developing sex characteristics between that of a roaster and a rooster?

A

Stag

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8
Q

What is the term describing young chickens less than 12 weeks of age, ready to eat at 6lbs and are raised for meat?

A

Broiler/Fryer

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9
Q

What is the term used describe heavy young chickens less than 12 weeks of age with live weights heavier than 7 pounds and are raised for meat?

A

Roaster

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10
Q

What is the term used to describe a neutered male chicken produced for the specialty and holiday meat markets and are less than 8 months old?

A

Capon

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11
Q

What are the 5 general segments of the poultry industry?

A 
Foundation breeders
Hatcheries
Grow out operations
Egg production
Broiler production
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12
Q

What does the term “poultry” refer to?

A

Chickens, Turkeys, ducks and geese

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13
Q

What stimulates hens to lay eggs?

A

Light

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14
Q

Which poultry industry raises stock for hatcheries and develops new genetic lines?

A

Foundation Breeders

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15
Q

Which poultry industry hatches eggs and raises them to see new stock to other industries?

A

Hatcheries

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16
Q

Which part of the poultry industry raises chicks until they are ready to enter the egg or broiler production?

A

Grow out operations

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17
Q

Which part of the poultry industry raises eggs?

A

Egg production

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18
Q

Which part of the poultry industry raises meat?

A

Broiler production

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19
Q

How long do chickens need to sit on the eggs?

A

21 days

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20
Q

How long do turkeys need to sit on their eggs?

A

28 days

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21
Q

What term describes the the touching of both the male and female cloaca?

A

The “Cloacal kiss”

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22
Q

What are the five factors that play a role in hatchability in the process of incubation?

A

time, temperature, humidity, positioning, and ventilation.

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23
Q

What produces follicles and the egg yolk?

A

Ovary

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24
Q

What portion of the oviduct is the site of fertilization?

A

Infundibulum

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25
Q

What is the continuation of the oviduct and contains albumin and the eg white?

A

Magnum

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26
Q

What is the continuation of the oviduct and is the tough outer membrane?

A

Isthmus

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27
Q

Where is the shell gland or the egg shell applied?

A

Uterus

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28
Q

What is the temperature the eggs should be incubated at?

A

99 to 103 degree F

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29
Q

How often are eggs in commercial industry turned per day?

A

3-5 times

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30
Q

What involves using a 75 watt bulb to create shadows within the egg shell which allow for its contents to be visualized?

A

Candeling

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31
Q

How long do chicks need to stay in the incubator?

A

Until 95-97% of the chicks are dry

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32
Q

What is the ideal temperature chicks are kept in at the day of birth and how often is it decreased?

A

90-95 degrees

Decreases 5 degrees each day until 6-8 weeks of age

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33
Q

When is food provided to chicks?

A

Within 12 hours of hatching

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34
Q

What is the ideal lighting chicks are kept in?

A

23 hours a day with 1 hour of darkness for the first few days

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35
Q

What makes up 50-80% of poultry diets?

A

Grain

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36
Q

What are the required minerals that need to be provided to chickens?

A 
Calcium
Phosphorous
Manganese
Iodine
Sodium
Chlorine
Zinc
37
Q

What is the % of calcium laying hens required?

A

3.4% of the ration

38
Q

How do laying hens get calcium?

A

Oyster shells and limestone supplementation

39
Q

What are the required vitamins that need to be provided to chickens?

A 
A
D3
E
K
Riboflavin
B12
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Choline
40
Q

What is added to the diet to help with grinding of food in the gizzard?

A

Grit

41
Q

What are the locations used for blood sampling?

A

Brachial wing vein

Jugular vein

42
Q

Where is the brahial wing vein located?

A

Between the biceps and triceps

43
Q

What side of the jugular vein is often bigger and easier to obtain a sample?

A

Right jugular vein

44
Q

What blood sampling site is utilized only when large volumes are required?

A

Cardiac stick

45
Q

Does the bird need to be under general anesthesia to perform a cardiac stick?

A

Yes

46
Q

What are the two types of feces found in poultry?

A

Enteric and Cecal

47
Q

What type of feces is a brown or fawn colored with a white urate cap and is evacuated 12-16 times a day?

A

Enteric

48
Q

What type of feces is dark brown in color, semi liquid, occurs twice a day and should not be confuse with diarrhea?

A

Cecal

49
Q

What are the different methods used to give oral medications to poultry?

A

Add to the food or water

Tube or gavage feeding

50
Q

What are alternative ways to give oral medications to poultry?

A

Tube feeding or gavage feedings

51
Q

Where are SQ injections given in poultry?

A

Over the back of the neck

52
Q

Where are IM injections given in poultry?

A

In the breast muscle or leg muscle

53
Q

When giving IM injections in the leg, extreme caution should be used to avoid what?

A

Nerves
Tendons
Ligaments
Inserting the needle can result in lameness or paralysis

54
Q

Where are breast IM injections given?

A

The cranial level of the keel is about 2 to 3 cm on either side of the keel

55
Q

What part of the keel needs to be avoided for IM injections because it can go into the organs and death may result

A

The caudal end

56
Q

What injection is used for euthanasia and fluid administration?

A

Intraperitoneal injections

57
Q

What injection site is used for euthanasia and insertion is the cranial end of the keel between the two ribs

A

Intrathoracic ribs

58
Q

Where can IV injections and IV catheterization be performed?

A

Jugular vein

The tarsometatarsal vein in the leg

59
Q

What is used for identification?

A

Leg bands
Wing banding
Wing badges

60
Q

What are the 5 basic procedures routinely performed when processing poultry?

A

Grading, sexing, toe-trimming, desnooding, and beak trimming

61
Q

What is used to assess the quality of the chicks, is subjective, and allows hatcheries to provide quality chickens?

A

Grading

62
Q

Grading is used to assess the quality of the chicks, is subjective, and allows hatcheries to provide quality chickens. What are chicks graded on?

A

Activity, down appearance, yolk retraction, eyes, legs, naval, remaining membrane, remaining yolk

63
Q

How are chickens sexed?

A

Looking at the feathers

The relationship between the coverts (upper layer of feathers) and the primaries (lower layer of the feathers)

64
Q

How are turkeys sexed?

A

Looking at the vent

65
Q

What is the removal of the snood or dewbill to prevent head injuries during picking and fighting?

A

Desnooding

66
Q

What is performed to reduce damage caused by cannibalism, feather pecking, and vent pecking?

A

Beak trimming

67
Q

What type of chickens do not have their beaks routinely trimmed?

A

Broilers

68
Q

How long should the beak be after trimming?

A

2 to 3 mm

69
Q

What are vaccination techniques used for poultry?

A 
Drinking water --> most common
Spray
Eye drop
Injection
Wing Web
70
Q

What are the methods of euthanasia used in poultry?

A

Dislocation of the neck (small to medium birds)
Injection (pentobarbital)
Inhalation (chloroform)

71
Q

What is best performed between 6 weeks and 3 months?

A

Caponization

72
Q

What are the risks associated with caponization?

A

The caudal vena cava and aorta are close

Inadvertent destruction of an air sac

73
Q

What disease of poultry is a member of the retroviridae viral family

A

Avian Leukosis

74
Q

What does Avian Leukosis cause?

A

Erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid leucosis

75
Q

What is also known as Lymphoid leukosis?

A

Avian Leukosis

76
Q

What is a herpesvirus and is not a subset of Avian Leukosis?

A

Marek’s Disease

77
Q

What does Marek’s disease cause?

A

Lameness or paralysis
Gastrointestinal signs
Lymphoma

78
Q

What is a Gram-negative coccoid that causes nasal and ocular, discharge, conjunctivitis, anorexia,
ruffled feathers, trembling and ataxia?

A

Chlamydophilia psittaci

79
Q

Is Chlamydophilia psittaci zoonotic?

A

Yes

80
Q

What Gram-negative bacillus causes depression, ruffled feathers, drooping wings, diarrhea, and septicemia?

A

Salmonella enterica

81
Q

Is Salmonella enterica zoonotic?

A

Yes

82
Q

What causes nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sneezing, sinusitis, open-beak breathing, ocular discharge, septicemia and sudden death?

A

Mycoplasmosis

83
Q

What species of Mycoplasmosis is most likely to cause clinical symptoms in poultry?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma synoviae
Mycoplasma meleagridis
Mycoplasma iowae

84
Q

What is a member of the Birnaviridae virus family and causes depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and sudden death?

A

Infectious Bursal Disease

85
Q

What is a herpesvirus that causes coughing, bloody beaks, difficulty breathing, gasping, nasal and ocular discharge?

A

Infectious Laryngotracheitis

86
Q

What disease is also known as Gumboro disease?

A

Infectious Bursal Disease

87
Q

What family of coccidians causes hemorrhagic diarrhea in poultry?

A

Eimeriidae

88
Q

What dewormers are used in poultry?

A

Amprolium
Sulfonamides
Sulfaquinoxaline

Large Animal (40 decks)

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