Poultry Flashcards
What is the term for females of all classes of poultry?
Hen
What is the term describing the female chicken that has not yet started to lay eggs
Pullet
What is the term to describe hens or pullets producing eggs?
Layer
What is the term to describe a breeder or commerical type egg hen that no longer performs at desrired production levels?
Spent hen
What is the term to describe a sexually mature intact male before 6 months of age?
Cock
What is the term describing a male chicken usually kept for breeding?
Rooster
What is the term describing a male chicken under 10 months of age that shows developing sex characteristics between that of a roaster and a rooster?
Stag
What is the term describing young chickens less than 12 weeks of age, ready to eat at 6lbs and are raised for meat?
Broiler/Fryer
What is the term used describe heavy young chickens less than 12 weeks of age with live weights heavier than 7 pounds and are raised for meat?
Roaster
What is the term used to describe a neutered male chicken produced for the specialty and holiday meat markets and are less than 8 months old?
Capon
What are the 5 general segments of the poultry industry?
Foundation breeders Hatcheries Grow out operations Egg production Broiler production
What does the term “poultry” refer to?
Chickens, Turkeys, ducks and geese
What stimulates hens to lay eggs?
Light
Which poultry industry raises stock for hatcheries and develops new genetic lines?
Foundation Breeders
Which poultry industry hatches eggs and raises them to see new stock to other industries?
Hatcheries
Which part of the poultry industry raises chicks until they are ready to enter the egg or broiler production?
Grow out operations
Which part of the poultry industry raises eggs?
Egg production
Which part of the poultry industry raises meat?
Broiler production
How long do chickens need to sit on the eggs?
21 days
How long do turkeys need to sit on their eggs?
28 days
What term describes the the touching of both the male and female cloaca?
The “Cloacal kiss”
What are the five factors that play a role in hatchability in the process of incubation?
time, temperature, humidity, positioning, and ventilation.
What produces follicles and the egg yolk?
Ovary
What portion of the oviduct is the site of fertilization?
Infundibulum
What is the continuation of the oviduct and contains albumin and the eg white?
Magnum
What is the continuation of the oviduct and is the tough outer membrane?
Isthmus
Where is the shell gland or the egg shell applied?
Uterus
What is the temperature the eggs should be incubated at?
99 to 103 degree F
How often are eggs in commercial industry turned per day?
3-5 times
What involves using a 75 watt bulb to create shadows within the egg shell which allow for its contents to be visualized?
Candeling
How long do chicks need to stay in the incubator?
Until 95-97% of the chicks are dry
What is the ideal temperature chicks are kept in at the day of birth and how often is it decreased?
90-95 degrees
Decreases 5 degrees each day until 6-8 weeks of age
When is food provided to chicks?
Within 12 hours of hatching
What is the ideal lighting chicks are kept in?
23 hours a day with 1 hour of darkness for the first few days
What makes up 50-80% of poultry diets?
Grain
What are the required minerals that need to be provided to chickens?
Calcium Phosphorous Manganese Iodine Sodium Chlorine Zinc
What is the % of calcium laying hens required?
3.4% of the ration
How do laying hens get calcium?
Oyster shells and limestone supplementation
What are the required vitamins that need to be provided to chickens?
A D3 E K Riboflavin B12 Niacin Pantothenic acid Choline
What is added to the diet to help with grinding of food in the gizzard?
Grit
What are the locations used for blood sampling?
Brachial wing vein
Jugular vein
Where is the brahial wing vein located?
Between the biceps and triceps
What side of the jugular vein is often bigger and easier to obtain a sample?
Right jugular vein
What blood sampling site is utilized only when large volumes are required?
Cardiac stick
Does the bird need to be under general anesthesia to perform a cardiac stick?
Yes
What are the two types of feces found in poultry?
Enteric and Cecal
What type of feces is a brown or fawn colored with a white urate cap and is evacuated 12-16 times a day?
Enteric
What type of feces is dark brown in color, semi liquid, occurs twice a day and should not be confuse with diarrhea?
Cecal
What are the different methods used to give oral medications to poultry?
Add to the food or water
Tube or gavage feeding
What are alternative ways to give oral medications to poultry?
Tube feeding or gavage feedings
Where are SQ injections given in poultry?
Over the back of the neck
Where are IM injections given in poultry?
In the breast muscle or leg muscle
When giving IM injections in the leg, extreme caution should be used to avoid what?
Nerves
Tendons
Ligaments
Inserting the needle can result in lameness or paralysis
Where are breast IM injections given?
The cranial level of the keel is about 2 to 3 cm on either side of the keel
What part of the keel needs to be avoided for IM injections because it can go into the organs and death may result
The caudal end
What injection is used for euthanasia and fluid administration?
Intraperitoneal injections
What injection site is used for euthanasia and insertion is the cranial end of the keel between the two ribs
Intrathoracic ribs
Where can IV injections and IV catheterization be performed?
Jugular vein
The tarsometatarsal vein in the leg
What is used for identification?
Leg bands
Wing banding
Wing badges
What are the 5 basic procedures routinely performed when processing poultry?
Grading, sexing, toe-trimming, desnooding, and beak trimming
What is used to assess the quality of the chicks, is subjective, and allows hatcheries to provide quality chickens?
Grading
Grading is used to assess the quality of the chicks, is subjective, and allows hatcheries to provide quality chickens. What are chicks graded on?
Activity, down appearance, yolk retraction, eyes, legs, naval, remaining membrane, remaining yolk
How are chickens sexed?
Looking at the feathers
The relationship between the coverts (upper layer of feathers) and the primaries (lower layer of the feathers)
How are turkeys sexed?
Looking at the vent
What is the removal of the snood or dewbill to prevent head injuries during picking and fighting?
Desnooding
What is performed to reduce damage caused by cannibalism, feather pecking, and vent pecking?
Beak trimming
What type of chickens do not have their beaks routinely trimmed?
Broilers
How long should the beak be after trimming?
2 to 3 mm
What are vaccination techniques used for poultry?
Drinking water --> most common Spray Eye drop Injection Wing Web
What are the methods of euthanasia used in poultry?
Dislocation of the neck (small to medium birds)
Injection (pentobarbital)
Inhalation (chloroform)
What is best performed between 6 weeks and 3 months?
Caponization
What are the risks associated with caponization?
The caudal vena cava and aorta are close
Inadvertent destruction of an air sac
What disease of poultry is a member of the retroviridae viral family
Avian Leukosis
What does Avian Leukosis cause?
Erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid leucosis
What is also known as Lymphoid leukosis?
Avian Leukosis
What is a herpesvirus and is not a subset of Avian Leukosis?
Marek’s Disease
What does Marek’s disease cause?
Lameness or paralysis
Gastrointestinal signs
Lymphoma
What is a Gram-negative coccoid that causes nasal and ocular, discharge, conjunctivitis, anorexia,
ruffled feathers, trembling and ataxia?
Chlamydophilia psittaci
Is Chlamydophilia psittaci zoonotic?
Yes
What Gram-negative bacillus causes depression, ruffled feathers, drooping wings, diarrhea, and septicemia?
Salmonella enterica
Is Salmonella enterica zoonotic?
Yes
What causes nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sneezing, sinusitis, open-beak breathing, ocular discharge, septicemia and sudden death?
Mycoplasmosis
What species of Mycoplasmosis is most likely to cause clinical symptoms in poultry?
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma synoviae
Mycoplasma meleagridis
Mycoplasma iowae
What is a member of the Birnaviridae virus family and causes depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and sudden death?
Infectious Bursal Disease
What is a herpesvirus that causes coughing, bloody beaks, difficulty breathing, gasping, nasal and ocular discharge?
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
What disease is also known as Gumboro disease?
Infectious Bursal Disease
What family of coccidians causes hemorrhagic diarrhea in poultry?
Eimeriidae
What dewormers are used in poultry?
Amprolium
Sulfonamides
Sulfaquinoxaline
