Structures and Functions of the Brain Flashcards
Three main division of the brain and what they each do
Forebrain - controls reasoning
Midbrain - controls “middle-level” functions
Hindbrain- controls basic functions
afferent neurons
sensory neurons
efferent neurons
motor neurons
motor neurons effect the body’s behavior
way to remember afferent versus efferent neurons
SAME
sensory - afferent
motor - efferent
cerebellum location and function
hindbrain little ball
coordinates movement
medulla oblongata location and function
lower part of brainstem
autonomic functions like breathing, heart rate, BP
substantia nigra location and function
lower part of midbrain, upper brainstem
helps coordinate voluntary movements
what brain structure does Parkinson’s affect?
substantia nigra
affects coordinated voluntary movements
thalamus
relays sensory and motor signals
regulates sleep and alertness
hypothalamus
connects the nervous system to the endocrine system
where are the thalamus, hypothalmus, and pituitary gland located?
located in the diencephalan of the forebrain
below the cerebrum
pituitary gland
releases important hormones
*more information in the endocrine flashcards
what is the cerebrum divided into?
cerebral cortex and subcortical structures
what are the subcortical structures?
olfactory bulbs
hippocampus
basal ganglia
olfactory bulbs
subcortical structure
detect odors / smell
hippocampus
subcortical structure
converts short term memory to long term memory
basal ganglia
eye movement, voluntary movement, procedural and habitual learning
generally what does basal ganglia control?
movement and learning
amygdala
episodic memory, attention and emotion
what structure controls emotion?
amygdala
what structure controls flight or fight response?
amygdala
which structures are involved in reward and addiction?
VTA and nucleus accumbens
nucleus accumbens
reward, motivation and learning
receives signals from the VTA
VTA
a cluster of dopaminergic neurons involved in reward
sends signals to VTA
what is the cerebral cortex broken into?
4 lobes
frontal lobe
involved in decision making and “adulting” processes
parietal lobe
sensory processing except vision
occipital lobe
vision
temporal lobe
visual memories and language
Wernicke’s area location and function
located in temporal lobe
language comprehension / understanding