Muscles and Skin

Question 1

What are controls voluntary movement?

Answer 1

the somatic nervous system

Question 2

Myocytes

Answer 2

muscle cells

Question 3

Myofilaments

Answer 3

composed of actin and myosin

Question 4

Sacromere

Answer 4

repeating unit of myosin and actin

Question 5

What makes muscles look striated?

Answer 5

sacromeres

Question 6

Which muscles have sacromeres?

Answer 6

skeletal and cardiac muscles

Question 7

Two types of skeletal muscles

Answer 7

1) red slow-twitch

2) white fast-twitch

Question 8

White fast-twitch fibers

Answer 8

type of skeletal muscle that has less mitochondria

relies on glycolysis for quick energy metabolism

Question 9

Red slow-twitch fibers

Answer 9

type of skeletal muscle that has more mitochondria

relies on oxidative phosphorylation for endurance

Question 10

Which type of cells have many nuclei?

Answer 10

skeletal muscles

Question 11

Z-line

Answer 11

exists at the end of sarcomeres

Question 12

M-line

Answer 12

middle of the sarcomere

Question 13

H-zone

Answer 13

contains only thick filament (myosin)

Question 14

I-band

Answer 14

contains only thin filament (actin)

Question 15

A-band

Answer 15

entire thick filament

Question 16

Cross bridge cycle 3 steps

Answer 16

1) ATP binds myosin head which triggers conformational change to release myosin
2) ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP to move myosin
3) Myosin rebinds actin at a further position and contracts

Question 17

What is myosin normally blocked by?

Answer 17

trypomyosin

Question 18

What is needed for contraction to occur?

Answer 18

Ca2+ and ATP

Question 19

How does Ca2+ allow the contraction to occur?

Answer 19

Ca2+ binds to troponin to release myosin from trypomysosin and allow it to bid actin

Question 20

How do neurons control muscle contraction?

Answer 20

neurons release acetylcholine

acetylcholine opens Na+ channels to depolarize cell

action potential causes Ca2+ to be released

Question 21

Rigor mortis

Answer 21

occurs when myosin head can’t release actin

Question 22

What could be a consequence of inhibited acetylesterases?

Answer 22

acetylcholine would not be degraded

this would cause constant muscle contraction

Question 23

Intergumentary system

Answer 23

another name for skin

Question 24

Where are mechanoreceptors found?

Answer 24

in the dermis and epidermis

Question 25

Where are adipose cells found?

Answer 25

in the hypodermis

Question 26

Vasodilation

Answer 26

helps with cooling