Structure - LPS Flashcards
Lipopolysaccharides
A constituent of gram-negative bacteria membrane, providing integrity.
What are the three poritons of LPS?
Lipid A
Core Oligosaccharide
O Antigen
What is the function of Lipid A?
Anchors LPS to the membrane
Acts as an Endotoxin
What is the structure of Lipid A?
Two glucosamine residues linked by beta 1-6 glycosidic bonds with variable acyl chains.
What is an example of Lipid A alteration?
Phosphorylation of glucosamine alters charge/solubility.
How does Lipid A act as an endotoxin?
TLR4 pathway being a macrophage/DC expressed receptor
What does Lipid A interaction with TLR4 result in?
Signalling cascades and TF activation like NF-kb resulting in cytokine stimulation of inflammation.
What is an example of acyl chain variability?
Long chain C18 or C20 fa increases hydrophobicity and decreases solubility thus more prone to aggregation.
Why do longer Acyl chains have lower affinity for TLR?
Less stability between Lipid A and TLR4
What is the function of the Core Oligosaccharide?
Structural integrity LPS and a recognition site.
What is the structure of the Core Oligosaccharide?
Anchors Lipid A by 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid with three structural regions( inner and outer core and terminal reigon)
Structure of CO inner core?
Heptose residue, 2-3 Kdo residues and N-Acetylcglucosamine
Structure of CO outer core
Terminated by galactose, glucose or NAG, bound by the terminal region
What is the function of the O-antigen Polysaccharide?An
Antigenic component
Host immune defense
Virulence Factor
What is the structure of the O Antigen?
Several dozen sugar residues