Structure - Introduction Flashcards
Prokaryotic
Microscopic single-celled organisms without a distinct membranous nucleus nor specialised organelles.
What does prokaryotic DNA look like?
They are in circular, closed form.
What are the three types of bacteria, in regards to their response to oxygen?
Aerobic and Anerobic Bacteria, and Facultative Aneraobes
Aerobic Bacteria
Requires oxygen for survival
Anerboic Bacteria
Oxygen independent bacteria
Facultative Aneraobes
These can adapt to their metabolism, and can grow with or without oxygen, preffering the latter.
Capsule
The outermost structure of bacterial/fungal cells, protecting them from immune recognition/killing during infectiion, composed of polysaccharides.
Cell Envelope
This is composed of the inner/outer membrane, the cell wall and the capsule.
Cell Wall
The protective barrier for bacteria, encapsulating the membrane of both GNB/GPB, rich in peptidoglycan.
What determines bacteria shape?
The cell wall
How does cell wall relate to pilli and flagella?
It anchors them.
Cytoplasm
A gel like matrix holding the ribosomes, chromosomes and plasmids.
Plasmids
Circular molecules of dsDNA, seperate from the chromosomal DNA, replicating independently.
Cell Membrane
The permeable barrier allowing passage of nutrients and excreted products, prevent harmful substances passing also.
Flagella
Hair like structures providing locomotive means.
