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Biology - Microbiology > Pathology - Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

Pathology - Bacterial Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the macroelements bacteria use?

A

C, O, H, N, P and S

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2
Q

What microelements are used for bacteia?

A

P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and V

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3
Q

What is P important for?

A

ATP synthesis and NA backbone

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4
Q

What is Ca important for?

A

Signal transduction pathways as well as use a second messenger molecues

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5
Q

What is Mg used for?

A

Cofactor for DNAP activity

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6
Q

What is Fe used for?

A

ETC redox tactions and metabolic pathways like in cyotchromes

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7
Q

How do bacteria scavenge Iron from the environment?

A

Siderophores

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8
Q

Siderophores

A

These are products increasing rate of transport of envrionmental iron via the cell membrane using receptors.

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9
Q

What is Cu used for?

A

Cofactor for cytocrhome oxidases in aerobic respiraiton as well as Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme

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10
Q

Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme

A

This is an antioxidant that generates hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen from highly reactive superoxide

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11
Q

Culture Media

A

This is a nutrient rich solution for growth and proliferation of a microgranism

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12
Q

What does a culture media contain?

A

Organic/Inorganic compounds sutable for microbial growth with antibiotics to inhibit growth of specifc bacteria

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13
Q

What are the types of culture media?

A

Complex or Defined
Liquid or Solid

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14
Q

Complex Media

A

This is where chemical composition is not known, made of digested material.

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15
Q

What material makes up complex media?

A

Peptone, Meat/Yesat extracts and carbohydrates ources

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16
Q

Peptones

A

These are mixtures of nitrogenous compoudns like AA and proteins

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17
Q

Where is complex media used?

A

For bacteria with unknown nutritional requirements and growth support for bacteria difficult to culture

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18
Q

Defined Media

A

Is one in which the chemical composition in precisely known allowing for highly controlled experiments for studying of particular metabolic pathways

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19
Q

Liquid Media

A

This is a culture media for bacterial growth in susepnsion with required nutrients dissolved

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20
Q

How is Liquid Media prepared?

A

Mixutre with required nutrients for microorganism under study, specific pH distilled then sterilization by high temperature application, then incoulation using sterile pippete and incubated

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21
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

This is the procedure under controlled conditiosn to reduce contamintaiton from microbes

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22
Q

How is solid media prepared?

A

Required nutrients in agar or gelation then inoculated using sterile loop across surface for individual colony formation, then with incubation

23
Q

What is the advantages of Solid Media?

A

Colonise can be isolated and studied, allowing morphological analysis for identity and behavioural analysis.

24
Q

Batch Culture

A

This is a closed system containing limited amount of nutrients with finite growth

25
Q

Binary Fission

A

This is the exponential growth of bacteria by doubling of mass of cells then division by septum formation

26
Q

What are teh steps of Binary Fission?

A

Genetic Material replication
Cell elongaiton and size increase
Polar segregation of replicated chromosomes
Cell division by cleavage of centre with daughter cell formation

27
Q

What are the stages of the growth curve?

A

Lag
Exponential
Stationary
Death

28
Q

Lag Phase

A

Adjustment of bacteria to a new environment when incoulated in a growth media

29
Q

What processes occur in the lag phase?

A

Ribosomal and protein synthesis with limited division in preapration for exponential phase,a djusting the specific nutriends

30
Q

Exponential Phase

A

This is the consistent doublign and maximal growth rate, influenced by assimilation and nutrients/nutrient density

31
Q

Stationary Phase

A

This occurs when nutrients have been assimilated and waste products accumulated

32
Q

How are bacteria categorise by capacity for growth?

A

Viable Cells
Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria

33
Q

Viable But Nonculturable

A

This refers to bacteria in a state of low metabolic activity that do not divide, but can become resuciated and culturable.

34
Q

Legionella Pneumophilia

A

This causes legionnaires disease, being a severe form of pneumonia

35
Q

Why cant Legionella be grown on convential media?

A

Infect macrophages and amoebae in aquatic nevrionments intracellularly, requiring L-Cysteine which is unavailable to standard media, and cannot be synthesised by legionella, taken from exogenous source.

36
Q

What are the counting methods for bacteria?

A

Total Count
Viable Count
Culturable Count

37
Q

What are examples of total counting methods?

A

Sterile Dillution Buffer
Most Probable Number Method

38
Q

What is the basic total coutn method?

A

Spreading onto an agar medium and counting of bacterial colonies to calculate total count of bacteria in original sample.

39
Q

Most Probable Number Method

A

This is a statiscal method estimating viable bacteria numbers in a sample by inoculation in a dilution series of liquid growth.

40
Q

What does total count account for?

A

Viable, VNBC, Culturbale and Dead Cells

41
Q

Viable Count

A

This utilises fluoresence activity dyes counting all cells with activity, exluding dead cells.

42
Q

How is viable count perofrmed?

A

Collecting sample, diluting by spread on solid agar medium using pippette, number of colonies counted.

43
Q

Serial Dillution

A

This is a laboratory procedure being stepwise dilution of a substance in solution

44
Q

What does viable count take into account?

A

Living viable cells, however ecludes bacteria that cannot growth within the agar

45
Q

How is Serial Dillution performed?

A

Adding poriton of sample to a volume of sterile dulent, small amount rtansferred to next dilution tube, repeated until desired dilution, spread on agar, icubated then Colony Forming Units counted

46
Q

What is an example of culturable count being used?

A

Vibrio cholera by sample of dirnking water, where presence of V-cholerae determines safety.

47
Q

How is turbidity measures?

A

Amount of bacteria inoculated in liquid growth medium and incubated, then by spectrophotometer

48
Q

Spectrophotometer

A

These are instruments measuring optical transmission characteristics of a sample over a range of wavelenghts

49
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

These are medicines whose mechanisms of action stalls bacterial cellular activity without causing death.

50
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

This is antibiotic success in bacteiral elimination

51
Q

Bacteriolytric

A

This means destruction of bacteria throguh lysis

52
Q

What are the metabolic activity classifications of bacteria?

A

Obligatory anaerobes and aerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotoleratn anaerobes and microaerophilic

53
Q

What are the different types of bacteria by temperature?

A

Psychrophiles(Opt 15C, not above 20C can below 0C)
Mesophiles(Opt between 20-40C
Thermophiles(Opt betweeen 45-80C)
Hyperthermophils(Best above 80)

54
Q

How are bacteria categorieed by pH and osmolarity?

A

Acidophiles, Alkaliphiles and Halophiles

Biology - Microbiology (19 decks)

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