Microorganisms - Cell Growth Flashcards
What macromelements do bacteria consume?
Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon
What are the most important microelements bacteria utilises?
K, Mg, Ca and Fe
Potassium
Required for enzyme activity.
Magnesium
An enzymatic cofactor, espceially with ATP.
Calcium
Heat resitance of bacterial endospores.
Iron
ATP synthesis and the ETC
What trace elements is bacteria dependent on?
Zinc, Molybdenum, Manganese, Cobalt
What is Zinc and Manganese used for?
Zinc is present at the active site of enzymes and manganese aids catalysis of phosphate transfer.
What are molybdenum and cobalt used for?
Molybdenum is required in nitrogen fixation and cobalt is required for VitB12
What is an example of a bacteria requiring a specific molecule for nutrition?
Stramenopila requires Silicic acid for cell wall construction.
What are electrons required for?
In the ETC and molecular reduction in biochemical reactions.
What is increased reduction of a compound proportional to?
The higher its energetic contect.
What are examples of the diversity of what bacteria can metabolise?
Pesticides and rubber.
What are the types of microorganism based on nutrients?
Phototrophs
Chemotrophs
Lithotrophs
Photoautotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Photolithoautotrophs
Phototrophs
Organisms producing biomass from inorganic resources, utilsing light energy.
Chemotrophs
Organisms producing biomass as from inorganic resources, utilising energy from reduced compounds.
Lithotrophs
An organism using inorganic substances as a soruce of electron donors to drive energy acquistion, using either carbon or CO2.
Photoautotrophs
These use light energy to drive photosyntehsis and generate ATP.
Chemoheterotrophs
Microbes using organic chemical substances as soruces of energy and organic compounds as the main source of energy.
Where are chemoheterotrophs important?
Biogeographical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, as well as antibiotic production.
Where do bacteria acquire Nitronge, Phosphorus and Sulfur?
Can in organic, but mostly from inorganic.
Why is nitrogen important?
It is a building block in amino acids, nucleotides, enzymatic cofactors.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
Catalyses reversible conversion of glutamate to a-ketoglutarate and ammonia, with NAD+ reduction.
Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction
Incorporation of nitrogen from nitrate into the biomass.
Why is phosphorous an important dietary component for bacteria?
Nucleic acids, phospholipids, cofactors and proteins
What is sulfur required for?
Cysteine and methionine amino acids.
Cometabolism
The degradation of two compounds, in which the degradation of the second depends on presence of the first.
