Microorganisms - Cell Growth

Question 1

What macromelements do bacteria consume?

Answer 1

Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon

Question 2

What are the most important microelements bacteria utilises?

Answer 2

K, Mg, Ca and Fe

Question 3

Potassium

Answer 3

Required for enzyme activity.

Question 4

Magnesium

Answer 4

An enzymatic cofactor, espceially with ATP.

Question 5

Calcium

Answer 5

Heat resitance of bacterial endospores.

Question 6

Iron

Answer 6

ATP synthesis and the ETC

Question 7

What trace elements is bacteria dependent on?

Answer 7

Zinc, Molybdenum, Manganese, Cobalt

Question 8

What is Zinc and Manganese used for?

Answer 8

Zinc is present at the active site of enzymes and manganese aids catalysis of phosphate transfer.

Question 9

What are molybdenum and cobalt used for?

Answer 9

Molybdenum is required in nitrogen fixation and cobalt is required for VitB12

Question 10

What is an example of a bacteria requiring a specific molecule for nutrition?

Answer 10

Stramenopila requires Silicic acid for cell wall construction.

Question 11

What are electrons required for?

Answer 11

In the ETC and molecular reduction in biochemical reactions.

Question 12

What is increased reduction of a compound proportional to?

Answer 12

The higher its energetic contect.

Question 13

What are examples of the diversity of what bacteria can metabolise?

Answer 13

Pesticides and rubber.

Question 14

What are the types of microorganism based on nutrients?

Answer 14

Phototrophs
Chemotrophs
Lithotrophs
Photoautotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Photolithoautotrophs

Question 15

Phototrophs

Answer 15

Organisms producing biomass from inorganic resources, utilsing light energy.

Question 16

Chemotrophs

Answer 16

Organisms producing biomass as from inorganic resources, utilising energy from reduced compounds.

Question 17

Lithotrophs

Answer 17

An organism using inorganic substances as a soruce of electron donors to drive energy acquistion, using either carbon or CO2.

Question 18

Photoautotrophs

Answer 18

These use light energy to drive photosyntehsis and generate ATP.

Question 19

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 19

Microbes using organic chemical substances as soruces of energy and organic compounds as the main source of energy.

Question 20

Where are chemoheterotrophs important?

Answer 20

Biogeographical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, as well as antibiotic production.

Question 21

Where do bacteria acquire Nitronge, Phosphorus and Sulfur?

Answer 21

Can in organic, but mostly from inorganic.

Question 22

Why is nitrogen important?

Answer 22

It is a building block in amino acids, nucleotides, enzymatic cofactors.

Question 23

Glutamate Dehydrogenase

Answer 23

Catalyses reversible conversion of glutamate to a-ketoglutarate and ammonia, with NAD+ reduction.

Question 24

Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction

Answer 24

Incorporation of nitrogen from nitrate into the biomass.

Question 25

Why is phosphorous an important dietary component for bacteria?

Answer 25

Nucleic acids, phospholipids, cofactors and proteins

Question 26

What is sulfur required for?

Answer 26

Cysteine and methionine amino acids.

Question 27

Cometabolism

Answer 27

The degradation of two compounds, in which the degradation of the second depends on presence of the first.