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Biology - Microbiology > Biochemistry - Bacteria Communication > Flashcards

Biochemistry - Bacteria Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Quorum Sensing

A

This allows bacteria to control gene expression in response to their population density through signalling molecules.

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2
Q

What does AI concentration increase in proportion to?

A

Cell density.

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3
Q

What happens when AI concentration increases?

A

Membrane receptor stimulation initating bacterial processes

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4
Q

What is the AI activation loop of GPB?

A

AIP secretion where at HC coinciding with HCD, interact with MR histidine kinases, initating autophos, phos cytoplasmic response regulators, activating QS regulon trans.

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5
Q

What is the AI activation loop of GNB?

A

Use smaller AI that freely diffuse acrros membrane, binding cytoplasmic receptors which act as TFs

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6
Q

Operon

A

A gene cluster transcribed together to produce a single mRNA encoding thus multiple proteins.

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7
Q

Why is QS important in S.Aureus?

A

In production of virulence factors in immunocompromised hosts for skin infections.

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8
Q

How is QS regulated in S.Aureus?

A

At the agr locus

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9
Q

agr locus

A

This in tandem with P2 promoter encodes QS components

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10
Q

What translates from P2 promoter in S.Aureus?

A

RNA11

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11
Q

What agr gene produces AIP?

A

AgrD

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12
Q

What is the synthesis process of AgrD AIP?

A

Synthesised as a 45 AA residue requiring metabolism to a 7-9 residue with following cyclization.

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13
Q

What is the transport regulator gene in s.aureus?

A

AgrA

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14
Q

What happens to AgrA

A

Phoshphorylated by membran bound histidine kinase s

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15
Q

Function of AgrA?

A

Induces Agr operons in neighbouring bcateria by stimulating P2 promter.

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16
Q

What is the hld gene in S.Aureus responsible for?

A

Coding delta hemolysin.

17
Q

Function of RNAIII in S.Aureus?

A

Repression of toxin repressors and toxic virulence factor production.

18
Q

What is the function of the S.Aureus QS system?

A

Biofilm formation inhibition, allowing Aureus to grow to HCD to stimulate QS.

19
Q

What are the effects of cholera caused by?

A

Cholera Toxin

20
Q

What are the two AI used in V.Cholera system?

A

s3-hydroxytridecan-4-one and AI-2

21
Q

Why does V.Cholerae QS use two AI?

A

Allows both detection of other vibrio whilst also detecting total bacteria in the envrionment.

22
Q

What is the pathway of kinases in Cholera?

A

Only kinase activtiy at LCD, converted to TFs at HCD

23
Q

What do cholera TF at HCD do?

A

Activate gene expression of genes encoding QS sRNA.

24
Q

Where do sRNA genes in cholera derive from?

A

Qrr genes

25
Q

What is the function of the qrr gene products?

A

Regulation of base-pair binding to mRNAs econding the master regulator of the QS for cholerae.

26
Q

What do sRNA function to do?

A

Bind master regulators hapR gene and aphA

27
Q

What happens when sRNA bind hapR gene?

A

Disallow ribosomal binding and facilitate mRNA degradation

28
Q

What happens when sRNA binds aphA?

A

mRNA binding induces secondary structure formation, revealing ribosomal binding sites, thus translation.

29
Q

What is the master regulator compositiino at LCD?

A

High aphA levels and low hapR levels.

30
Q

How is the expression ratio inversed at LCD?

A

AI binds intracellular kinases promoting downregulation of qrr expression.

31
Q

What does AphA do at LCD?

A

Activate tcpPH gene.

32
Q

What does LCD in cholera promote?

A

Biofilm formation due to less HapR

33
Q

What does HapR do?

A

Repress genes constructing biofilm components and represses TFs promoting said genes

34
Q

Why is biofilm formation important at LCD in cholera?

A

Promotes host attachment thus dispersal back into the envrionment.

Biology - Microbiology (19 decks)

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