Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract consist of?
Upper respiratory tract- nose, nose cavity and pharynx
Lower respiratory tract- larynx, trachea, Bronchi and lungs.
What is the external nose made up of?
Constructed with a septal cartilage and greater alar cartilage.
Nasal bones- made up of the front and maxillary bones.
What is the internal nasal cavity made up of?
Nares, vestibule, internal nares and posterior nasal cavity.
Anterior of the nasal spetum- cartilage
Posterior- vomer bone and ethmoid bone
Floor- Hard palate
What is found on the lateral wall of nasal cavity?
consists of three bony ridges called conchae
What is found between the conchae
Meatuses
What is found within the middle and superior meatus
paranasal sinuses
What is found in the inferior meatus
nasolacriminal duct.
What cell types are found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity
stratified squamous epithelia
What cell type is found in the posterior nasal cavity
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar and goblet cells.
What cell types is found in the superior nasal cavity?
Olfactory receptors.
What is the pharynx made up of
Nasopharynx- auditory tunes that have pharyngeal tonsils
Oropharynx- extends from the uvula to the epiglottis. Contains stratified squamous epithelium and contain 2 tonsils palatine and lingual
Laryngopharynx- epiglottis to the openings of the oesophagus and the larynx.
What are the 3 unpaired cartridges.
Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis- elastic cartilage froms a free flap
Circoid cartilage.
What are the 6 paired cartilages
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform cartridges.
How are the false vocal cords formed.
on the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartridges it extends 2 pairs of ligaments which extends to posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage. Known as vestibular folds
How are the true vocal cords formed.
Inferior ligaments form the true vocal cords known as the glottis. Sound are modified by the lengthing and shortening of the vocal cords as a result of skeletal muscle moving the arytenoid cartridges.
Define and describe the trachea
Long membranous tube consisting of 15-20C shaped cartridges.
Diameter is modified by posterior wall of smooth muscle and ligamentous membrane.
Define the lungs
Conical shaped organs that extend from the diaphragm
Right lung had 3 lobes and 10 lobules
Left lung has 2m lobes and 9 lobules.
Blood vessels enter the lungs at the hilum
What is the pleura
Pleural cavity are separated from 2 pleural serous membranes.
Parietal pleura covers inner thoracic wall, diaphragm and mediastinum.
Visceral pleura covers the surface of the lung.
What are the 2 functions of the pleural fluid
- Lubricate the movement during breathing of the pleural membranes past one another.
- Holds the pleural membrane together, which in turn insures they can slide easily over each over making them hard to separate.
