Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract consist of?

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract- nose, nose cavity and pharynx

Lower respiratory tract- larynx, trachea, Bronchi and lungs.

Question 2

What is the external nose made up of?

Answer 2

Constructed with a septal cartilage and greater alar cartilage.
Nasal bones- made up of the front and maxillary bones.

Question 3

What is the internal nasal cavity made up of?

Answer 3

Nares, vestibule, internal nares and posterior nasal cavity.
Anterior of the nasal spetum- cartilage
Posterior- vomer bone and ethmoid bone
Floor- Hard palate

Question 4

What is found on the lateral wall of nasal cavity?

Answer 4

consists of three bony ridges called conchae

Question 5

What is found between the conchae

Answer 5

Meatuses

Question 6

What is found within the middle and superior meatus

Answer 6

paranasal sinuses

Question 7

What is found in the inferior meatus

Answer 7

nasolacriminal duct.

Question 8

What cell types are found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity

Answer 8

stratified squamous epithelia

Question 9

What cell type is found in the posterior nasal cavity

Answer 9

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar and goblet cells.

Question 10

What cell types is found in the superior nasal cavity?

Answer 10

Olfactory receptors.

Question 11

What is the pharynx made up of

Answer 11

Nasopharynx- auditory tunes that have pharyngeal tonsils
Oropharynx- extends from the uvula to the epiglottis. Contains stratified squamous epithelium and contain 2 tonsils palatine and lingual
Laryngopharynx- epiglottis to the openings of the oesophagus and the larynx.

Question 12

What are the 3 unpaired cartridges.

Answer 12

Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis- elastic cartilage froms a free flap
Circoid cartilage.

Question 13

What are the 6 paired cartilages

Answer 13

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform cartridges.

Question 14

How are the false vocal cords formed.

Answer 14

on the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartridges it extends 2 pairs of ligaments which extends to posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage. Known as vestibular folds

Question 15

How are the true vocal cords formed.

Answer 15

Inferior ligaments form the true vocal cords known as the glottis. Sound are modified by the lengthing and shortening of the vocal cords as a result of skeletal muscle moving the arytenoid cartridges.

Question 16

Define and describe the trachea

Answer 16

Long membranous tube consisting of 15-20C shaped cartridges.
Diameter is modified by posterior wall of smooth muscle and ligamentous membrane.

Question 17

Define the lungs

Answer 17

Conical shaped organs that extend from the diaphragm
Right lung had 3 lobes and 10 lobules
Left lung has 2m lobes and 9 lobules.
Blood vessels enter the lungs at the hilum

Question 18

What is the pleura

Answer 18

Pleural cavity are separated from 2 pleural serous membranes.
Parietal pleura covers inner thoracic wall, diaphragm and mediastinum.
Visceral pleura covers the surface of the lung.

Question 19

What are the 2 functions of the pleural fluid

Answer 19

1. Lubricate the movement during breathing of the pleural membranes past one another.
2. Holds the pleural membrane together, which in turn insures they can slide easily over each over making them hard to separate.