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CRR > Mediastinum and Exterior heart > Flashcards

Mediastinum and Exterior heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mediastinum subdivided into

A

Superior and inferior mediastinum

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum inferior subdivided into

A

Posterior, anterior and middle region

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3
Q

What vertebra level does the trachea bifurcate

A

T5-T7

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4
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A

Autonomic nerves
vessels
Lymph nodes

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5
Q

What is the function of the thoracic duct

A

Drains lymph from 75% of the body besides the right upper limb the right breast, the right lung and the right side of the head and neck.

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6
Q

Where does the thoracic duct terminate

A

Terminates at left subclavian and left jugular veins.

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7
Q

What are the two important nerves in the mediastinum

A

Phrenic and vagus nerves.

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8
Q

Whats the function of recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Controls all intrinsic muscles of the larynx besides the circothyroid muscle.

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9
Q

What is the sympathetic chain

A

Bundle of nerves that runs from the base of the skull to the coccyx

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10
Q

What is sympathetic ganglia

A

They have efferent and afferent nerve bodies located on either side of the spinal cord.

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11
Q

from the sympathetic chain where do the nerve fibres run

A

to the pulmonary and cardiac and oesophageal plexuses within the thorax

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12
Q

What is a nerve plexus

A

made up of afferent and efferent fibres that arise from the merging of rami of the spinal cord and blood vessels.

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13
Q

Where does the pulmonary plexus lie

A

In front of the lung

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14
Q

What does the pulmonary plexus supply

A

Supplies the bronchial tree and visceral pleura

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15
Q

What motor neurones supply the pulmonary plexus

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, innervate the lungs through the pulmonary plexus.

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16
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the bronchi

A

Causes bronchodialtion

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17
Q

What are splanchnic nerves

A

Fibres from the sympathetic chain that supply the abdominal organs

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18
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Double layer fibroserous membrane that lies between the lungs.

19
Q

Which two membranous layers does the pericardial cavity lie In

A

Parietal and visceral layers

20
Q

What is the function if there pericardium

A

Protection

21
Q

What is the pericardium sac composed of

A

A serous layer and fibrous layer which is enclosed in the pericardial layer that contains pericardial fluid.

22
Q

What is a pericardial infusion

A

Fluid around the heart.

23
Q

What is cardiac tamponed

A

When fluid builds up in there pericardium

24
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava

25
Q

Where does the right atrium pump blood to

A

Right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

26
Q

Where does the right ventricle receives blood from

A

deoxygenated blood from right atrium

27
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to

A

Pulmonary artery

28
Q

Where does the left atrium receives blood from

A

Oxygenated blood from the right and left pulmonary vein

29
Q

Where does the left atrium pump blood to

A

Left ventricle

30
Q

Where does the left ventricle recieve blood fro,

A

Left atrium

31
Q

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to

A

Aorita

32
Q

What are the 4 important valves

A

2 atrioventroicualr valves

2 semi lunar valves

33
Q

Why do we have valves

A

to prevent the back flow of blood

34
Q

where do the coronary arteries arise

A

Left side of the heart from the aorta

35
Q

Which coronary arteries give larger supply of blood to sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes.

A

Right coronary artery

36
Q

What is angina pectoris

A

Condition marked by severe pain in the chest reduce blood flow to the coronary arteries.

37
Q

What is a myocardial infarction

A

heart deprived oxygen caused by blockage

38
Q

Coronary thrombosis what is this

A

Blockage of the flow of blood to the heart.

39
Q

Where does the coronary sinus lie

A

On the atrioventricular groove of the posterior surface of the heart and opens into the right atrium.

40
Q

How do nerve fibres reach the heart

A

Through cardiac autonomic plexus

41
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres in cardiac plexus arise from

A

Cardiac nerves which originate from the sympathetic trunk

42
Q

Where do parasympathetic fibres in the cardiac plexus arise from

A

Cardiac branches of vagus nerve.

43
Q

How is the nerve fibres distributed

A

from the plexus to the sinoatrial and ventricular node. To the myocardium and coronary arteries.

CRR (19 decks)

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