Mediastinum and Exterior heart

Question 1

What is the mediastinum subdivided into

Answer 1

Superior and inferior mediastinum

Question 2

What is the mediastinum inferior subdivided into

Answer 2

Posterior, anterior and middle region

Question 3

What vertebra level does the trachea bifurcate

Answer 3

T5-T7

Question 4

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 4

Autonomic nerves
vessels
Lymph nodes

Question 5

What is the function of the thoracic duct

Answer 5

Drains lymph from 75% of the body besides the right upper limb the right breast, the right lung and the right side of the head and neck.

Question 6

Where does the thoracic duct terminate

Answer 6

Terminates at left subclavian and left jugular veins.

Question 7

What are the two important nerves in the mediastinum

Answer 7

Phrenic and vagus nerves.

Question 8

Whats the function of recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 8

Controls all intrinsic muscles of the larynx besides the circothyroid muscle.

Question 9

What is the sympathetic chain

Answer 9

Bundle of nerves that runs from the base of the skull to the coccyx

Question 10

What is sympathetic ganglia

Answer 10

They have efferent and afferent nerve bodies located on either side of the spinal cord.

Question 11

from the sympathetic chain where do the nerve fibres run

Answer 11

to the pulmonary and cardiac and oesophageal plexuses within the thorax

Question 12

What is a nerve plexus

Answer 12

made up of afferent and efferent fibres that arise from the merging of rami of the spinal cord and blood vessels.

Question 13

Where does the pulmonary plexus lie

Answer 13

In front of the lung

Question 14

What does the pulmonary plexus supply

Answer 14

Supplies the bronchial tree and visceral pleura

Question 15

What motor neurones supply the pulmonary plexus

Answer 15

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, innervate the lungs through the pulmonary plexus.

Question 16

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the bronchi

Answer 16

Causes bronchodialtion

Question 17

What are splanchnic nerves

Answer 17

Fibres from the sympathetic chain that supply the abdominal organs

Question 18

What is the pericardium

Answer 18

Double layer fibroserous membrane that lies between the lungs.

Question 19

Which two membranous layers does the pericardial cavity lie In

Answer 19

Parietal and visceral layers

Question 20

What is the function if there pericardium

Answer 20

Protection

Question 21

What is the pericardium sac composed of

Answer 21

A serous layer and fibrous layer which is enclosed in the pericardial layer that contains pericardial fluid.

Question 22

What is a pericardial infusion

Answer 22

Fluid around the heart.

Question 23

What is cardiac tamponed

Answer 23

When fluid builds up in there pericardium

Question 24

Where does the right atrium receive blood from

Answer 24

Receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava

Question 25

Where does the right atrium pump blood to

Answer 25

Right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Question 26

Where does the right ventricle receives blood from

Answer 26

deoxygenated blood from right atrium

Question 27

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to

Answer 27

Pulmonary artery

Question 28

Where does the left atrium receives blood from

Answer 28

Oxygenated blood from the right and left pulmonary vein

Question 29

Where does the left atrium pump blood to

Answer 29

Left ventricle

Question 30

Where does the left ventricle recieve blood fro,

Answer 30

Left atrium

Question 31

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to

Answer 31

Aorita

Question 32

What are the 4 important valves

Answer 32

2 atrioventroicualr valves | 2 semi lunar valves

Question 33

Why do we have valves

Answer 33

to prevent the back flow of blood

Question 34

where do the coronary arteries arise

Answer 34

Left side of the heart from the aorta

Question 35

Which coronary arteries give larger supply of blood to sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes.

Answer 35

Right coronary artery

Question 36

What is angina pectoris

Answer 36

Condition marked by severe pain in the chest reduce blood flow to the coronary arteries.

Question 37

What is a myocardial infarction

Answer 37

heart deprived oxygen caused by blockage

Question 38

Coronary thrombosis what is this

Answer 38

Blockage of the flow of blood to the heart.

Question 39

Where does the coronary sinus lie

Answer 39

On the atrioventricular groove of the posterior surface of the heart and opens into the right atrium.

Question 40

How do nerve fibres reach the heart

Answer 40

Through cardiac autonomic plexus

Question 41

Where do sympathetic fibres in cardiac plexus arise from

Answer 41

Cardiac nerves which originate from the sympathetic trunk

Question 42

Where do parasympathetic fibres in the cardiac plexus arise from

Answer 42

Cardiac branches of vagus nerve.

Question 43

How is the nerve fibres distributed

Answer 43

from the plexus to the sinoatrial and ventricular node. To the myocardium and coronary arteries.