Cardiac cycle

Question 1

What are the four phases based on the position of the valves

Answer 1

Ventricular filling
isovolumetric contraction
Ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 2

Define ventricular filling

Answer 2

Atria and ventricles are in diastole
Stge is passive

Final stage of filling is assisted by atrial contraction

Question 3

Define isovoulmetric contraction

Answer 3

Ventricles contract and pressure increase and shuts the A-V valves when it gets higher in arterial pressures.

intraventrocular pressure exceeds the arterial pressure it forces the aortic and pulmonary valves open.

Question 4

Define ejection

Answer 4

opening of the semilunar valves allows blood to be ejected into the arteries

Question 5

Define isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 5

Aortic and pulmonary valves close as the pressure drops so ventricles are briefly closed.

Question 6

How are sounds of the heart formed

Answer 6

lub dub are sounds made from the closure of valve cusps

Question 7

What are valve abnormalities

Answer 7

valvular incompetence- valve doesn’t seal properly and allow black flow of blood which causes heart mummers.

valvular stenosis- is the thickening of the valves that makes them narrow so that the resistance to blood flow is increased.

aortic stenosis- the pressure in the left ventricle is increased to compensate for the narrow aperture