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CRR > Blood pressure > Flashcards

Blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Define blood pressure

A

Its a measurement of the force exerted by the blood circulating in the arteries.

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2
Q

What factors regulate blood pressure

A

Blood volume
Resistance to blood flow- lumen diameter, viscosity, blood vessel length and resistance.
Pressure difference

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3
Q

Define blood volume

A

Can increase via water retention

Can decrease via hemorrage will decrease BP

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4
Q

What causes resistance to blood flow.

A

lumen diameter
viscosity
blood vessel length
Resistance

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5
Q

What is pressure difference

A

Blood pressure is highest in the aorta and zero in the great veins

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6
Q

What is blood volume regualtion

A

blood volume is directly related to blood pressure and can control blood volume.

Increasing blood volume increases venous return of blood to the heart thus stroke volume will increase.

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7
Q

What are the physiological mechanisms regulating BP

A

Cardiovascular center
Neural baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
Hormones
Autoregulation

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8
Q

What is function of the cardiovascular centre CV centre

A

Groups of neurones scattered in medulla oblongata

regulates heart rate stroke volume and blood vessel diameter

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9
Q

What are the components of the CV centre

A

Cardio-accelerator centre
cardio- inhibitory centre
Vasomotor centre

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10
Q

Define cardio-accelerator centre

A

A group of neurones that regulate heart rate and stroke volume via sympathetic nerves

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11
Q

Define cardio-inhibitory centre

A

S group of neurones that regulate heart rate and stroke volume via parasympathetic nerves

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12
Q

Define vasomotor centre

A

A group of neurones that regulate blood vessel diameter via sympathetic nerves.

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13
Q

Define baroreceptors

A

Found in the aorta and carotid arteries.

Arterial pressure either falls or rises which os relayed from the medullary cardiovascular centre.

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14
Q

What does a rise in BP do to nerves.

A

Rise in BP- Sympathetic outflow is decreased and parasympathetic outflow increases.

Fall in BP- Sympathetic outflow is increases and parasympathetic outflow decreases.

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15
Q

Define chemoreceptors.

A

Monitor the changes in blood acidity

The CV centre sends impulses to the heart via sympathetic nerves which increases heart rate and force of contraction

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16
Q

Define the brain bridge reflex

A

Monitors increase and decrease in venous return.

17
Q

What hormones that increase blood pressure

A

Angiotensin 2
ADH
Aldosterone

18
Q

Define angiotensin 2

A

Found in the blood plasma
Enzyme renin converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2.

Causes vasoconstriction of arterioles.

Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone a hormone that increases in rate reabsorption by the kidneys. increasing blood volume.

19
Q

Define ADH

A

Produced by neurones in the supra optic and para ventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus in response to low blood volume.

20
Q

How is ADH released

A

Axon terminals in the posterior pituitary gland.

21
Q

What does ADH do

A

Increases water re absorption by the kidneys increasing blood volume.

22
Q

What is aldesterone

A

Secreted by adrenal cortex in response to decrease plasma sodium, increased plasma potassium

Increases water re absorption by the kidneys increasing blood volume

23
Q

What hormones that decreased blood pressure

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Histamine

24
Q

Describe ANP

A

Secreted by the heart in response to the to the stretching of cardiac muscles fibres.

Causing vasodilation of arterioles

Decreases water reabsorption by the kidneys, decreasing blood volume

Inhinits the secretion of aldosterone and activation 2

25
Q

Describe histamine

A

Secreted by damaged tissue cells, especially mast cells, basophils and platelets.

Causing vasodilation of arterioles

26
Q

What affects pulse pressure

A

Stroke volume
Speed of blood ejection from the heart.
Adrenaline, noradrenaline

CRR (19 decks)

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