Blood Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is dry air made up of
79% Nitrogen
21% oxygen
0.03% carbon dioxide.
What is nitrogen narcosis
Nitrogen has a low solubility coefficient
Nitrogen diffusion can be induced in high pressure environment.
What is decompression sickness
Rapid changes from high to low pressure can cause dissolved gases particularly nitrogen
Bubbles form in the tissues
What is the symptoms from decompression sickness
Joint pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, paralysis and unconsciousness.
What is hyperbaric oxygenation
O2 partial pressure is increased = diffusion of O2 into the blood will increase.
Bacterial for gangrene and tetanus are anaerobic.
Individuals treated in hyperbaric chamber.
Hyperbaric chambers = treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, gas embolisms bone infections, smoke inhalation, near drowning and circulatory problems.
How is diffusion achieved through the respiratory membrane
Thin layer of fluid lining the alveoli
thin squamous epithelial cells.
Epithelial basement
capillary endothelium
What are the 4 factors that effect the diffusion of gasses across the repsiratory membrane.
Thickness of membrane
Diffusion coefficient
Surface area
The parietal pressure difference across the membrane.
What 2 factors change the blood Flow and respiratory rate
Ventilation exceed the ability of the blood to take up the o2.
Blood supply to the lungs exceeds the ventilation rate. Lungs not containing enough oxygen to saturate the blood passing through the alveoli capillaries.
This partially oxygenated blood is called shunted blood.
What is physiological shunt
Deoxygenated blood combined with the deoxygenated blood arising from the bronchial arteries
What is regional. blood flow.
Blood flow in different regions of the lungs varies depending on exercise.
Standing person at rest will only really ventilate using the upper portion of the lungs.
