Cardiovascular pressure and capacitance.

Question 1

Define the structure of the arteries

Answer 1

Tunica intima- serosal surface of the blood vessel has squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and internal elastic lamina.

Thick tunica media- elastic fibres and smooth muscle cells.

Tunica externa- surrounded by a leyr of elastic and collagen fibres.

Question 2

Define the arterioles structure

Answer 2

Smaller than arteries
Resistance vessels
Tunics are very thin
Tunica internal surrounded by smooth muscle cells.

Question 3

Define the capillaries structure

Answer 3

They connect arterioles to venues.
Just consist of tunica International
Allow exchange of fluid and metabolites between blood circulatory system.

Question 4

What is a throughfare

Answer 4

A direct channel formed by a metarteriole between the arterioles and the venues

Question 5

What is a precapillary sphincter

Answer 5

At the emergence of a capillary from the metarteiole there exists a ring of smooth muscle

Question 6

Define venues structure

Answer 6

Collect blood from the capillaries and consist of a tunica Interna and tunica media

Venule walls- porous and provide a point at which phagocytic WBC can migrate into infected tissue

Question 7

Define veins structure

Answer 7

Tunica interna and the tunica media are thin
Tunica externa is thicker.

Larger lumens and contain valves.

Question 8

What is pulse pressure

Answer 8

Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

Question 9

What is vascular compliance

Answer 9

Describes the flexibility of blood vessels.

Question 10

What are the three ways substances can leave the capillaries

Answer 10

Diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow

Question 11

Define diffusion

Answer 11

moving from a high concentration to the low concentration.

Question 12

Define transcytosis

Answer 12

Small quantities of material are transported across the capillary walls by being encapsulated within the invaginations of the serial endothelial membrane.
Then being transported across the endothelial cells and released by exocytosis.

Question 13

Define bulk flow

Answer 13

Body fluid is derived from ingested water and is stored in blood plasma and in the instersistial fluid od extracellular fluid.

fluid flows from the blood to the tissues via a process called filtration

Question 14

What two factors is filteration dependent on

Answer 14

Blood hydrostatic pressure

Interstial fluid osmotic pressure.

Question 15

What is odema

Answer 15

Increased capillary blood pressure causes increased capillary wall permeability to solutes, decreases in the concentration of plasma proteins.