Blood

Question 1

What are the functions and properties of blood

Answer 1

Liquid connective tissue and extracellular matrix.

1. Transports: dissolved gasses, hormones, nutrients, heat & waste (lungs, liver, GI, kidneys, endocrine glands etc)
2. Regulation: pH- buffers, temperature (absorbing & blood flow) and osmosis (dissolved ions)
3. Protection: clot, WBC’s, antibodies, interferon’s and other proteins

Question 2

What are the physical properties of blood

Answer 2

• Denser and more viscous than water
• 38⁰C, slightly alkaline
• When saturated with oxygen is bright red, unsaturated is dark red
• 8% of body mass 4-6 litres
• Blood volume and osmotic pressure regulated (aldosterone, ADH, anti natiuretic peptide)
• §Sampled by venipuncture with a torniquet

Question 3

What is found in blood

Answer 3

RBC, WBC and platelets

Question 4

What are granular cells

Answer 4

Neutrophils, basophils and esonophils

Question 5

What are granular cells

Answer 5

Leukocytes and t/b lymphocytes and monocytes.

Question 6

How are platelets made.

Answer 6

Stem cells which differentiate into megakaryocytes.

Question 7

What happens after following an injury

Answer 7

Haemostasis

1. Vascular spasm, arteries and arterioles constrict to reduce blood flow.
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Blood clotting

Question 8

What is anemia and associated symptoms

Answer 8

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity causing iron deficiency, megaloblastic and pernicious, haemolytic.

Causes fatigue, dizziness low BP, heart palpitations, spleen enlarged and skin pale.

Question 9

What is leukaemia and its underlying symptoms.

Answer 9

Group of red bone marrow cancers causing abnormal WBC accumulation

Symptoms include fatigue and loss of appetite, swelling, enlargement night sweats. Bone or joints are painful.