Structure And Function Of Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of skeleton
Protection of vital organ
Muscle attachment
Joints for movement
Formation of blood cells
Storage for minerals
Muscle attachment
Bones provide anchors for muscles to attach,. Tendons attach muscle to bones. Muscles pull on the bones to create movement
Joints for movement
Bones act as levers to create movement. Longer levers - greater force
Formation of blood cells
Platelets - clot blood when we are cut to stop bleeding
WBC - fight infection so we are fit to take part in sports
RBC - carry O2 to working muscles during exercise
Storage of mineral
Calcium and phosphorus is stored in the bones to keep them strong
The vertebrae column
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
Cervical
Smallest part of vertebrae. Form the neck (axis and atlas) allow head to move
Sacrum
Vertebrae that have worked together. They work together with our hip bones and support the weight of the vertebrae
Lumbar
Largest of the moveable vertebrae. They give us mobility in our lower back, help support the weight of the vertebrae and also attach various muscles.
Thoracic
Slightly bigger vertebrae and attach the ribs. They also attach various muscles to the back.
Coccyx
No function
Long bones
Include - numerous, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges
Function - longer then wide and vital to generate movement, speed and strength. Act as a lever to enable body to move.
Short bones
Tarsals and carpals
Function - important for weight bearing exercises, important to shock absorb the weight of the body.
Flat bones
Include - ribs, sternum, patella, scapula, pelvis
Function - protect organs or offer a good surface for muscles to attach to. Muscles are needed for movement, scapula has three muscle groups attached to it.
Irregular bones
Include - vertebral column
Function - odd shapes and perform a range of functions. Some have a special shape to protect something, others have a lot of attachment points for muscles.
Ligaments
Made from tough elastic fibrous tissue. Joins bone to bone.
Not much blood flows through ligaments - heal slowly for, a tear or sprain.
Benefits of ligaments to sport
Ligaments help stabilize joints. When kicking a ball in football the ligaments in knee stabilize the joint.
Tendons
Made from tough non elastic fibrous tissues. Attach muscles to bone. Training help strengthen tendons. Tendons in leg stronger then in wrist
Benefits of tendons to sport
Without tendons movement isn’t possible. Tendons pull muscles to contract and help provide powerful movements
