Structure And Function In Living Organisms - Part 1 (T2)

Question 0

How does a root hair cell in a plant contains specialised structures to carry out specific functions?

Answer 0

• they posses a long ‘finger-like’ protrusion with a very thin wall and a large surface area
• this is to absorb both water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 1

Explain how leaf cells in plants are specialised structures to carry out specific functions…

Answer 1

• leaf cells contain chloroplasts which are tightly packed and regular in shape
• these form a continuous layer to ensure that absorption of sunlight is efficient
• the function of this structure is to absorb energy from light so the plant can photosynthesise

Question 2

How are sperm cells specialised to carry out specific functions?

Answer 2

• the head of the sperm cell contains DNA and an enzyme which helps the sperm cell to penetrate the cell membrane of the ovum
• the middle section is full of mitochondria, which give the sperm cell energy
• the tail helps to transport the sperm cell to the egg

Question 3

How is a red blood cell specialised to carry out its specific functions?

Answer 3

• a thin outer membrane allows easy diffusion of oxygen
• the outer membrane is also flexible allowing easy transport through narrow blood vessels
• the donut shape means there is a large surface area that allows the efficient absorption of oxygen
• there are no organelles so the cell can contain lots of haemoglobin

Question 4

If a collection of similar cells stay together, carrying out the same function, this is called a what?

Answer 4

Tissue

Question 5

In animals how do different tissues connect?

Answer 5

With connective tissue

Question 6

If different tissues are grouped together for a purpose, what does this create?

Answer 6

And organ

Question 7

When organs work together they form an… ?

Answer 7

Organ system

Question 8

What is the definition of a cell?

Answer 8

The basic and functional unit of a living organism

Question 9

What is the definition of an organelle?

Answer 9

A cell structure that is specialised to carry out a specific function or job

Question 10

What is the definition of a tissue?

Answer 10

A group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function

Question 11

What is the definition of an organ?

Answer 11

A structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions

Question 12

What is the definition of an organ system?

Answer 12

A group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions

Question 13

Bones, nerves, muscles and epithelium are……

Answer 13

Tissue

Question 14

A nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm are….

Answer 14

Organelles

Question 15

The stomach, the lungs, the brain are all…

Answer 15

Organs

Question 16

The skeleton, heart and blood vessels and alimentary canal are….

Answer 16

Organ systems

Question 17

By how much can modern light microscopes magnify images?

Answer 17

1500 x

Question 18

By how much can electron microscopes magnify images?

Answer 18

Around 2,000,000 x

Question 19

What is the formula for calculation magnification?

Answer 19

Measured size / actual size

Question 20

What is the formula for calculating actual size?

Answer 20

Measured size / magnification

Question 21

Bradley describe simple diffusion..

Answer 21

• particles move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
• particles move down what is known as a concentration gradient

Question 22

Gives two examples of diffusion is the human body…

Answer 22

Location - gut
Particles - digested food products
From - gut cavity
To - blood in capillaries of villus

Location - lungs
Particles - oxygen
From - alveolar air space in the lungs
To - blood circulating around the lungs

Question 23

Particles will continue to move from a high to low concentration whenever there is a….

Answer 23

Concentration gradient

Question 24

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 24

• concentration gradient: the greater the gradient the faster the rate of diffusion
• temperature and pressure: the higher the temperature and pressure the faster the rate
• size of particles: smaller particles diffuse faster
• distance: shorter distance = faster rate
• surface area to volume ratio: the larger this is the faster the rate of diffusion