Human Reproduction - Part 1 (T3) Flashcards

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0
Q

Generally speaking what are the two main types of reproduction?

A

Sexual: involving two parents and the Union of two gametes. Offspring resemble the parents but are not identical to them, eg. Human beings

Asexual: where one parent reproduces itself. Offspring are genetically identical to their parents, eg. Strawberry plants and spider plants

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1
Q

What are the four main components of the male reproductive system?

A
  • testes (singular. Testis)
  • sperm duct and glands
  • urethra
  • penis
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2
Q

Briefly describe the testes…

A

Two testes are contained in a sac of skin called the scrotum. They carry out two functions:

  • to produce the male sex cells or gametes called sperm
  • the produce the male sex hormones which affect body development
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3
Q

Describe the sperm duct and glands..

A
  • once the sperm cells are produced in the testes they pass through the sperm ducts and mix with fluids produced by the glands
  • these fluids provide the sperm cells with essential nutrients
  • this mixture of sperm cells and fluids is called semen
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4
Q

Describe the penis and urethra..

A

The penis has two functions:

  • to enable urine to be passed out of the mans body by travelling along the urethra
  • during sexual intercourse, to deposit semen into the female vagina. The semen also travels through the urethra

The urethra is a tube inside the penis which carries the urine and the semen, however there is also a ring of muscle which ensures they do not mix

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5
Q

What are the five main components of the female reproductive system?

A
  • ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts)
  • uterus (also known as the womb)
  • cervix
  • vagina
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6
Q

Describe the ovaries..

A
  • there are two ovaries which contain hundreds of thousands of undeveloped female gametes called eggs or ova (singular. Ovum)
  • these cells are present in the female body since birth
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7
Q

Describe the Fallopian tubes or oviducts…

A
  • extending from each of the ovaries and connected to the uterus at the other end is a tube called the Fallopian tube or oviduct
  • both Fallopian tubes are lined with cilia
  • each month and ovum develops and becomes mature and is then released from the ovary
  • the cilia enable the ovum to move along the Fallopian tube to the uterus
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8
Q

Describe the uterus and cervix…

A
  • the uterus is also called the womb and is a big muscular bag with a soft lining
  • the uterus is the place the child develops until it is born
  • at the neck of the uterus is a ring of muscle which keeps the baby in place while the woman is pregnant
  • this is the cervix
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9
Q

Describe the vagina…

A
  • the muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body
  • the opening to the vagina has folds of skin called labia that meet to form a vulva
  • the urethra also opens into the vulva but is separate from the vaginal tube
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10
Q

What are the male and female gametes called?

A
  • male: sperm

- female: ova

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