DNA EXAM PT. 2 Flashcards
What is a gene?
A smaller segment of DNA that codes for the synthesis of a specific protein. This will then play a structural or functional role in the body.
Who discovered DNA, and when?
In 1953, Francis Crick, James Watson and Rosalind Franklin discovered that the structure of DNA is a double helix.
The specific base-pairing of DNA aids in reproduction of the double helix when more genetic material is needed. Give an example…
Such as during reproduction, to pass on characteristics from parent to offspring.
What happens when DNA reproduces?
The two strands of DNA unzip from each other and enzymes add new bases to each, thus forming two new strands.
The backbone of DNA is based on a repeated pattern of a…
Sugar group and phosphate group
Why is a smaller base always paired with a bigger one?
To keep the two chains at a fixed distance from each other all the way along.
What are the two bigger base pairs?
Adenine and guanine.
What in a cell is DNA found?
Most DNA is found in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA) but a small amount can also be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA)
Human DNA consists of about how many bases?
3 million
Together a base, sugar and phosphate are called a…
Nucleotide
What is a chromosome?
A relatively large collection of DNA that contains many genes and the support proteins needed to control these genes
