Strokes - Locate the lesion Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of lesions tend to affect the communicating arteries?

A

Aneuryms

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2
Q

Where is the anterior communicating artery?

A

12:00. Between the two ACAs.

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3
Q

What does anterior communicating artery aneurysm cause?

A

Visual field defects

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4
Q

Where are the posterior communicating arteries located?

A

Between posterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries (5:00 and 7:00).

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5
Q

What does Pcom aneurysm cause?

A

CN III. Down and out with ptosis and mydriasis.

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6
Q

What areas can be involved in posterior circulation strokes?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA), anterior spinal (ASA), anterior infererior cerebellar (AICA), basilar, posterior cerebral.

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7
Q

What areas are affected by anterior spinal artery stroke?

A
  1. Lateral corticospinal tract.
  2. Medial lemniscus.
  3. Caudal medulla—hypoglossal nerve.
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of anterior spinal artery stroke?

A
Contralateral hemiparesis—upper 
and lower limbs. 
 contralateral proprioception. 
Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction 
(tongue deviates ipsilaterally).
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9
Q

What areas are affected by posterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke?

A
Lateral medulla—vestibular nuclei, 
lateral spinothalamic tract, spinal 
trigeminal nucleus, nucleus 
ambiguus, sympathetic fibers, 
inferior cerebellar peduncle.
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10
Q

What are the symptoms of posterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke?

A
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus; 
decr pain and temperature sensation 
from ipsilateral face and 
contralateral body; DYSPHAGIA, 
HOARSENESS, decr gag reflex; 
ipsilateral Horner syndrome; 
ataxia, dysmetria.
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11
Q

What is Wallenburg syndrome?

A

Laterally medullary stroke - PICA. Nucleus ambiguous is specific to PICA. (Don’t PICA “hoarse” that can’t “eat” – too ambigious!)

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12
Q

What areas are affected by anterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke?

A

Lateral pons—cranial nerve nuclei;
vestibular nuclei, facial nucleus,
spinal trigeminal nucleus, cochlear
nuclei, sympathetic fibers.

Middle and inferior cerebellar
peduncles.

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of anterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke?

A
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus. 
Paralysis of face,  lacrimation, 
salivation,  taste from anterior 2⁄3
of tongue.
Ipsilateral  pain and temperature 
of the face, contralateral  pain 
and temperature of the body.

Ataxia, dysmetria.

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14
Q

What is lateral pontine syndrome?

A

AICA lesion. Facial nucleus is specific to AICA. Facial droop means AICA is pooped.

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15
Q

What areas are affected by basilar artery stroke?

A
Pons, medulla, lower midbrain, 
corticospinal and corticobulbar 
tracts, ocular cranial nerve nuclei, 
paramedian pontine reticular 
formation.
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of basilar artery stroke?

A

Preserved consciousness and
blinking, quadriplegia, loss of
voluntary facial, mouth, and
tongue movements. -“locked in syndrome”

17
Q

What areas are affected by posterior cerebral artery stroke?

A

Occipital cortex, visual cortex.

18
Q

What are the symptoms of posterior cerebral artery stroke?

A

Contralateral hemianopia w/ macular sparing.

19
Q

What areas are affected by lenticulostriate artery stroke?

A

Striatum, internal capsule.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of lenticulostriate artery stroke?

A

contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia.

21
Q

What are lenticulostriate artery lesions commonly associated with?

A

Common location of lacunar infarcts secondary to unmanaged hypertension.

22
Q

What areas are affected by anterior cerebral artery stroke?

A

Motor cortex - lower limb

Sensory cortex - lower limb

23
Q

What are the symptoms of ACA artery stroke?

A

Contralateral paralysis—lower
limb.
Contralateral loss of sensation—
lower limb.

24
Q

What are the areas affected by MCA stroke?

A

Motor cortex—upper limb and face.
Sensory cortex—upper limb and face.
Temporal lobe (Wernicke area);
frontal lobe (Broca area).

25
Q

What are the symptoms of MCA stroke?

A

Contralateral paralysis—upper
limb and face.
Contralateral loss of sensation—
upper limb and face.

Aphasia if in dominant (usually left) hemisphere.
Hemineglect if lesion affects nondominant
(usually right) side.

26
Q

What are the watershed zones of the brain?

A

Between ACA and MCA, between MCA and PCA. Damaged in severe hypotension –> upper leg/upper arm weakness, defects in higher order visual processing.