Sleep physiology Flashcards
What generates the circadian rhythm of sleep?
suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus
What is SCN regulated by?
Environment, eg light
What does SCN release?
Norepi –> pineal gland
What does the pineal gland release?
melatonin
What EEG waveform is present when awake with eyes open?
Beta waves - highest frequency, lowest amplitude
What EEG waveform is present when awake with eyes closed?
Alpha waves
When are theta EEG waves present?
during light sleep, stage N1
When are sleep spindles and K complexes on EEG present?
During deeper sleep, stage N2
When are delta waves present? What characterizes delta waves?
Delta waves are the lowest frequency, highest amplitude waves. Present during Stage N3, deepest non-REM sleep, aka as slow wave sleep.
What EEG waveforms are present during REM sleep?
Beta waves.
During what sleep stage does bruxism occur?
Stage N2 (sleep spindles, K complexes)
During what sleep stage does sleep walking, night terrors, and bedwetting occur?
Stage N3, delta waves.
During what sleep stage is there loss of motor tones, increased brain oxygen use, and variable pulse and pressure occur?
REM sleep (beta waves)
During what sleep stage are there dreaming and night boners?
REM sleep
What causes extraocular movements during REM sleep?
paramedian pontine reticular formation (conjugate gaze center).
