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Neurology - Anatomy and Physiology > Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei lie medially at brain stem?

A

III, IV, VI, XII. (Factors of 12 except not 1 and 2).

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2
Q

In the organization of cranial nerve nuclei, which nuclei lie laterally?

A

Sensory nuclei (alar plate)

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3
Q

In the organization of cranial nerve nuclei, which nuclei lie medially?

A

Motor nuclei (basal plate).

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4
Q

Which nuclei are located in the midbrain?

A

3, 4

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5
Q

Which nuclei are located in the pons?

A

5,6,7,8

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6
Q

Which nuclei are located in the medulla?

A

9, 10, 12

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7
Q

Which nuclei are located in the spinal cord?

A

11

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8
Q

What is the pineal gland responsible for?

A

melatonin secretion, circadian rhythms

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9
Q

What are the superior colliculi responsible for?

A

Conjugate vertical gaze

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10
Q

What are the inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

Auditory

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11
Q

What is parinaud syndrome?

A

Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi

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12
Q

What can cause parinuad syndrome?

A

Stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve exits via the cribiform plate?

A

CN I

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14
Q

Which foramina are part of the middle cranial fossa through the sphenoid bone?

A 
Optic canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale
Foramen spinosum
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15
Q

What exits via the Optic canal?

A

CN II, opthalmic artery, central retinal vein

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16
Q

What exits via the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A
  • CN III, IV, VI. V1 of CN 5.

- Opthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers

17
Q

What exits via the Foramen Rotundum?

A

CN V2.

18
Q

What exits via the Foramen Ovale?

A

CN V3.

19
Q

What exits via the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

20
Q

Which foramina are part of the posterior cranial fossa through the temporal or occiptal bones?

A

Internal auditory meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal
Foramen Magnum

21
Q

What exits via the internal auditory meatus?

A

CN VII, VIII

22
Q

What exits via the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein

23
Q

What exits via the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII.

24
Q

What exits via the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, vertebral arteries.

25
Q

What are the vagal nuclei?

A

nucleus solitaris, nucleus ambiguous, dorsal motor nucleus

26
Q

What does the Nucleus Solitarius do?

A

visceral Sensory info - taste, baroreceptors, gut distention.
7,9,10.

27
Q

What does the nucleus aMbiguous do?

A

Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper eso - swallowing, palate elevation.
9, 10, 11.

28
Q

What does the dorsal motor nucleus do?

A

Sends autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to heart, lungs, upper GI. Just vagal nerve.

29
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the corneal reflex?

A

Afferent: V1 opthalmic (nasociliary branch)
Efferent: VII (temporal branch, orbicularis oculi).

30
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the lacrimation reflex?

A

Afferent: V1 (emotional tears preserved even w/ loss of reflex)
Efferent: VII.

31
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the jaw jerk reflex?

A

Afferent: V3 - sensory muscle spindle from masseter
Efferent: V3 - motor, masseter

32
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the pupillary reflex?

A

Afferent: II
Efferent: III

33
Q

What are the afferent and efferent branches of the gag reflex?

A

Afferent: IX
Efferent: X

34
Q

What lesion causes jaw deviation TOWARDS side of lesion?

A

CN V motor lesion - unopposed force from opposite pterygoid muscle

35
Q

What lesion causes uvula deviation AWAY from side of lesion?

A

CN X lesion. Weak side collapses and uvula points away.

36
Q

What lesion causes weakness turning head to contralateral side of lesion (SCM) + shoulder droop on side of lesion (trapezius)?

A

CN XI lesion.

37
Q

What lesion causes tongue deviation towards side of lesion?

A

CN XII. Due to weakened tongue muscles on affected side.

Neurology - Anatomy and Physiology (19 decks)

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