stroke Flashcards
what are the three types of stroke
ischaemia, haemorrhagic, TIA
generalised symptoms of stroke
nauseavomitingheadachereduced consciousness
symptoms of ischaemic stroke
weaknessfacial droop blindness ataxia dysarthria aphasia nystagmus dysphagia
what are the causes of ischaemic stroke
atherosclerosis cardiac/carotid emboli substance misuse - vasoconstriction
what is the acute treatment for ischaemic stroke
thrombolysis within 4.5hr if bp <185/110 after 24hr - aspirin 300mg stat and 75md od/14 days - if no AF + clopidogrel OR aspirin OD- if AF - DOAC
secondary treatment for ischaemic stroke
HT control (<130/80) atorvastatin 80mg PPI if needed
cause of ICH - intracranial haemorrhage
BPvessel abnormalities bleeding disorder vasculitis arteriovenous malformations
causes of SAH - subarachnoid haemorrhage
aneurismarteriovenous malformations
how do arteriovenous malformations cause ICH
Weakened arteries burst and release blood into the surrounding brain tissue. This increases the pressure in that area of the brain
how do arteriovenous malformations cause SAH
○ An artery on or near the surface of the brain bursts and releases blood into the subarachnoid space between the brain and the skull.
what is a TIA
trans ischaemic attack - Similar processes occur as seen in ischaemic stroke, however they resolve quickly
acute treatment for suspected TIA
with no AF - within 24hr - aspirin 300mg OD with no AF - after 24hr - specialist referral
acute treatment for confirmed TIA
no AF - within 24hrs - dual antiplatelet therapy - aspirin + clop (300mg - 75mg OD)AF - within 24hrs - rapid onset anticoag
secondary treatment for haemorrhagic stroke
BP control atorvastatin 80mg
what is an arterial thrombosis
thrombus forms in one of the arteries that supply the brain with blood and oxygen
