Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

year 3 exam 1 > GI physiology > Flashcards

GI physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the upper GI system (5)

A
  • mouth - saliva - pharynx - oesophagus - stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lower GI system

A
  • liver - gallbladder - pancreas - small intestine - large intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

role of the mouth

A
  • lips: speech - palate: roof of oral cavity, uvula seals nasal cavity - tongue: skeletal muscle - teeth: digestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

role of saliva

A

contains amylase, used for lubrication, antibacterial, controlled by pressure/chemo receptors in the mouth and smell/thought of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

role of pharynx

A

swallowing is an all or nothing reflex, pharynx prevents bolus from re-entering mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

role of oesophagus

A

straight muscular tube with sphincters on each end, peristaltic waves pass through to push food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

role of the stomach

A

stores food, secretes enzymes and mixes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

three sections of stomach

A

fundus - air body - food antrum - mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 secretory cells in stomach

A
  • mucus – thin watery - chief – pepsinogen - parietal – HCL and intrinsic factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

three parts of gastric juice

A

pepsinogen - HCL -> pepsin which digests peptides mucus - protection intrinsic factor - B12 absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

three gastric phases

A

cephalic - increase secretion in response to stimuli gastric - food reaches the stomach intestinal - acid/fat/hypertonicity inhibits secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gastric emptying

A

controlled by duodenum (neural or hormonal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

factors affecting gastric emptying

A
  • chyme in the gut (increases) - fat in duodenum decreases - acid in duodenum decrease - high osmolality in duodenum decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

role of the liver

A

metabolic processing of carbs/proteins/fats and production of plasma proteins, stores fats/iron vitamins and produces hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

role of gallbladder

A

stores bile made in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

make up of bile

A
  • aqueous fluid, bile salts, cholesterol, lethicin, bilirubin
17
Q

role of pancreas

A
  • exocrine and endocrine tissues, release juices
18
Q

role of small intestine

A

absorption by enzymes in brush border and digestion (3 sections - duodenum, jejunum and ileum)

19
Q

role of large intestine

A
  • drying and storage (colon, cecum, appendix, rectum
20
Q

exocrine pancreatic enzymes

A
  • secretin: stimulates NaHCO3 from duct bells - CCK: stimulates enzyme release from acinar cells- trypsinogen/chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase: protein digestion once activated by HCL
21
Q

endocrine function of pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon release

22
Q

motility in small intestine

A
  • segmentation: ring like contractions along length of SI initiated by pacemaker cells - response depends on distension, gastrin and extrinsic activity
23
Q

protein absorption

A
  1. hydrolysed to amino acids by pepsin and proteolytic enzymes 2. Na+ co transporters move them into cells 3. exit cell via passive carriers 4. enters the blood via diffusion
24
Q

carbohydrate absorption

A
  1. maltose produced by amylase 2. transformed to monomers by disaccharidases 3. monosaccharides absorbed by SGLT receptor (Na out) - fructose can passively diffuse via GLUT 5 4. monosaccharides move into blood via GLUT 2
25
Q

fat absorption

A
  1. emulsified by bile 2. lipase hydrolyse to monosaccharides 3. carried into cell via water soluble micelles 4. leave micelle and passively diffuse across membrane 5. reform triglycerides 6. aggregate with lipoprotein to form chylomicrons 7. exocytosis to lymph
26
Q

motility in large intestine

A

haustral contractions: main motility - autonomous rhythmicity of smooth musclemass movements: big contractions to move contents

27
Q

taeniae coli

A

longitudinal bands of muscle

28
Q

haustra

A

sacs that change location during contraction

29
Q

defecation reflex

A

initiated when stretch receptors in rectum are activated, causes sphincter relaxation and rectal contraction

30
Q

what does gastrin cause

A

increases HCL secretion and pepsinogen to increase mass movements

31
Q

what does secretin do

A

inhibits gastric emptying and acid secretion until acid in duodenum is neutralised also stimulates NaOH release from duct cells

32
Q

role of CCK

A

inhibits gastric motility and secretion and increases pancreatic enzymes

33
Q

role of glp

A

stimulates insulin release by pancreas

34
Q

how is acid secretion caused in the parietal cells

A
  1. ACh/histamine or gastrin activates causing Ca influx 2. H+K+ ATPase pumps H out of the cell and K in 3. Cl- and K+ also being pumped out of cell

year 3 exam 1 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions