Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

year 3 exam 1 > eczema, dermatitis and psoriasis > Flashcards

eczema, dermatitis and psoriasis Flashcards

1
Q

define eczema/dermatitis

A

used interchangeably, group of skin conditions characterised by dry, itchy, irritated skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is atopic eczema

A

adaptive immune response, causing a type IV hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

atopic eczema epidemiology

A

most common 30% of skin issues seen by GPs 1-2% adults 15% children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

atopic eczema aetiology

A

genetics - filaggrin gene normally maintains skin barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atopic eczema pathophysiology

A
  • Allergen presented to T cell by dendritic - TH2 –> IL4- B cell activation - IgE release –> mast cell activation Pro-inflammatory mediator release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clinical features of atopic eczema

A
  • Age specific * Flexural in children * Hands in adults- Dry, itchy skin - Red/grey patches - Skin infections may occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the options for treating atopic eczema

A

prevention - moisturising, avoiding triggers treatment - 1st emollients, steroids, abx, phototherapy2nd - oral steroids, top calcineurin inhib, immunosuppressants, dupilimumab, alitretinoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is dupilimumab and what is it used for

A

IL4 inhibitor, used for severe atopic eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is alitretinoin and what is it used for

A

oral retinoid for hand eczema refractory to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is contact dermatitis

A

irritant or allergic type IV hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the epidemiology of contact dermatitis

A

adults > children 75% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aetiology of contact dermatitis

A

wet workatopic eczema increased risk of contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

aetiology of irritant contact dermatitis

A

irritant exposure detergents strip skin amount of exposure is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aetiology of allergic contact dermatitis

A

over time of exposure immune response build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pathophysiology of irritant contact dermatitis

A

innate response keratinocytes release TNF IL1/8endothelial upregulation and cellular recruitment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pathophysiology of allergic contact dermatitis

A

adaptive immune response T cell activation T reg and mast cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

treatment of contact dermatitis

A

avoiding irritants emollients topical or oral steroids alitretinoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is seborrheic dermatitis

A

skin flakes or cradle cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

epidemiology of seborrheic eczema

A

1-3% of the population more common in males over 20y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aetiology of seborrheic eczema

A

overgrowth of Malassezia yeast which usually exists on the skinin children its caused by immature sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pathophysiology of seborrheic eczema

A

sebum metabolised into proteins that penetrate and irritate the scalp

22
Q

clinical features of seborrheic eczema in adults

A

flaky, itchy, inflamed skin with white/yellow scale

23
Q

clinical features of seborrheic eczema in infants

A

yellow, waxy scales on the scalp pink, flaky patches on the forehead, eyebrows, behind ears and nappy area

24
Q

treatment of seborrheic eczema in adults

A

shampoo - ketoconazolemild steroids - salicylic acid/anti-yeasts clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin oral anti-fungal

25
treatment of seborrheic eczema in infants
emollients/mineral oilstopical steroids with an antifungal for the body
26
what are the different types of psoriasis
plaque scalp guttate pustular nail
27
what is plaque psoriasis
most common type red, sore, itchy skin with silver scales
28
what is scalp psoriasis
thick build up of skin on the scalp
29
what is guttate psoriasis
normally triggered by strep, pink/red (dark) rash on torso, back and limbs
30
what is pustular psoriasis
small, yellow filled pustules on red skin that crust once burst palms of hands/soles of feet but can spread derm treatment
31
what is nail psoriasis
50% of pts get it often mistaken for fungal nail discolouration, pitting, crumbling, cracking
32
epidemiology of psoriasis
2-3% of population peaks in late teens, 30s and 50-60
33
aetiology of psoriasis
genetic - 1/4 children with infected parentstrigger event - stress/injury/infectionPSOR1 gene or IL23/12 mutation
34
pharmacology of psoriasis
1. keratinocytes stressed - release DNA and LL37 2. DNA/LL37 bind and are presented to T cells 3. dendritic cells release IL23 - T cell activation 4. TH and macrophage infiltrate keratinocyte layer 5. keratinocyte hyperproliferation
35
topical treatment for psoriasis
topical moisturisers, emollients, vit d derivatives, steroids, coal tar, calcineurin inhibphototherapy systemic immunosuppressants, acitretin, biologics
36
which biologics are used for psoriasis
anti-TNF - infliximab anti-IL23 - ustekinumab anti-IL12
37
how do vitamin D derivatives work in psoriasis
inhibits proliferation and induces keratinocyte differentiation
38
what is psoriatic arthritis
inflammatory joint/tendon disease - tender, swollen and stiff
39
what is the treatment for psoriatic arthritis
painkillers corticosteroids DMARDs - leflunomide biologics - anti-tnf, jak inhibitors
40
what are the other forms of eczema
nummular neurodermatitis stasis dishidrotic
41
what is nummular eczema
oval, blistered lesions on lower legs, trunk and arms - emollients, steroids, abx and phototherapy
42
what is neurodermatitis eczema
persistent and recurring, treated with emollients and topical steroids
43
what is stasis eczema
fragile, thin, shiny, itchy skin in adults in varicose veins - emollients, steroids, compression stockings
44
what is dyshidrotic eczema
itchy blisters on hands and feet, aggravated by heat and stress - emollients, steroids, abx, immunosuppressants
45
NICE guidelines for the treatment of mild atopic eczema
managing triggers emollients mild top. steroid
46
NICE guidelines for the treatment of moderate atopic eczema
managing triggers emollients moderate top. steroid top. calcineurin inhibocclusion
47
NICE guidelines for the treatment of severe atopic eczema
managing triggers emollients moderate top. steroid top. calcineurin inhibocclusionphototherapy systemic steroids/immune suppress plus abx if inf - fluc, eryth, clarith
48
NICE guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis
1. emollient, vit d analogue, top. steroid, dithranol, coal tar 2. UVB/PUVA, methotrexate/ciclosporin, acitretin 3. biologics
49
how does dithranol work
- Anti-proliferative effect on epidermal keratinocytes
50
how does UVB/PUVA work
- UVB slows cell proliferation - Psoralen is light activated to interfere with DNA
51
how does acitretin work
- Oral vit d analogue - Induces keratinocyte differentiation and reduces epidermal hyperplasia

year 3 exam 1 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions