cardiovascular physiology

Question 1

what are the four chambers in the heart called

Answer 1

left/right atrium and ventricles

Question 2

where does blood enter the heart from the body

Answer 2

superior vena cava

Question 3

where does blood leave the heart to the body

Answer 3

aorta

Question 4

where does blood leave the heart to the lungs

Answer 4

pulmonary artery

Question 5

what is the pericardial sac

Answer 5

tough, double walled sac that secretes pericardial fluid to protect the heart

Question 6

what is the valve between the right atrium and ventricle called

Answer 6

tricuspid valve

Question 7

what is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle called

Answer 7

bicuspid/mitral

Question 8

what are the pulmonary and aortic valves

Answer 8

semi lunar

Question 9

what are the two stages of the cardiac cycle

Answer 9

systole and diastole

Question 10

what happens during systole

Answer 10

1. All valves closed 2. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction - Ventricles contract 3. Aortic/pulmonary valves open Blood pushed into arteries

Question 11

what is end systolic volume

Answer 11

amount of blood in ventricle at end of systole

Question 12

what happens during diastole

Answer 12

1. All valves closed 2. Atrium fills with blood 3. AV valves open 4. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation - Ventricles relax, blood flows to ventricles

Question 13

what are desmosomes

Answer 13

mechanical support between cardiac cells , keeps cells together

Question 14

what are gap junctions

Answer 14

transfer electrical signals between cardiac cells