other skin disorders

Question 1

what is acne

Answer 1

(non) inflammatory pustules on face/ chest and back caused by excess oil cogging follicles(testosterone)Can cause scarring (1/5) inflammation within the dermis common in teens

Question 2

treatment for acne

Answer 2

benzoyl peroxide antiseptics abx hormonal treatments retinoids

Question 3

what are some types of skin cancer

Answer 3

basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma malignant melanoma

Question 4

what is basal cell carcinoma

Answer 4

slow growing non-malignant cancer, 4x more common than other types, caused by UV

Question 5

what is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma

Answer 5

imiquimod cream

Question 6

what is squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 6

malignant, invasive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes more common in old and male caused by UV or topical carcinogens 90% remission rate

Question 7

what is malignant melanoma

Answer 7

an aggressive form of skin cancer caused by UV

Question 8

what are the risk factors for malignant melanoma

Answer 8

sunlight exposure fair skin red/blonde hair freckles tanning difficulty

Question 9

what are some physical signs of skin cancer

Answer 9

asymmetry irregular borders colour changing >6mm

Question 10

what are the treatment options for malignant melanoma

Answer 10

surgery chemotherapy- dacarbazine/temozolide - paclitaxel - targeted therapy (IL2, Anti-BRAF)

Question 11

what are genital warts

Answer 11

HPV infection, can take months to form

Question 12

how are genital warts treated

Answer 12

imiquimod keratolysis cryosurgery

Question 13

what does imiquimod do

Answer 13

stimulates the immune system to fight papillomavirus by encouraging interferon production

Question 14

what is impetigo

Answer 14

highly infectious, causes sores and blisters - caused by strep/staphnon-bullous : nose/mouth bullous : trunk

Question 15

treatment for impetigo

Answer 15

topical or systemic abx depending on severity

Question 16

what are fungal infections

Answer 16

dermatophytes, yeasts result in inflammation, fungi invade and grow on dead keratin

Question 17

give some examples of fungal infections

Answer 17

athletes foot nail infections ringworm

Question 18

how are fungal infections treated

Answer 18

imidazole or systemic antifungals

Question 19

what can cause hypopigmentation

Answer 19

vitiligo albinism burns phototherapy

Question 20

what can cause hyperpigmentation

Answer 20

pregnancy addisons abx antimalarial

Question 21

what is vitiligo

Answer 21

loss of skin colour in patches, melanocytes die or stop functioning, commonly affects eyes, nostrils, mouth, navel, knees, elbows

Question 22

what are the 3 types of vitiligo

Answer 22

focal - one area segmental - one side of the body generalised - anywhere usually not symmetrical

Question 23

pharmacology of vitiligo

Answer 23

body makes autoantibodies to hydroxylase in non-segmental vitiligo