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Psychology > Stress & Health > Flashcards

Stress & Health Flashcards

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1
Q

“The physiological and psychological experience of significant life events, trauma, and chronic strain” defines?

A

Stress

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2
Q

“The physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges a person and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment” defines?

A

Stress

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3
Q

What are the three views of stress?

A

1- Stimulus (looking at the environment)
2- Response (reaction to stress)
3- Interaction (coping with stress → individuals and environment interact)

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4
Q

Give examples of stressors:

A
  • war
  • overcrowding
  • lost keys
  • traffic
  • marital conflict
  • work stress
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5
Q

Examples of stress:

A
  • life events stress

- daily hassles stress

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6
Q

Describe the social readjustment scale of Holmes and Rohe:

A
  • add values on the right of each event in your life’s past 12 months
  • total < 150 = situation is comparable to the average
  • 150 < total < 300 = 50% chance of becoming ill
  • total > 300 = 80-90% chance of illness
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7
Q

“Sudden, typically short-lived, threatening event (e.g. robbery, speeches)” defines:

A

Acute stress

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8
Q

“Ongoing environmental demand (e.g. marital conflict, work stress, personality)” defines:

A

Chronic stress

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9
Q

What are the stress tasks the 39 individuals with coronary artery disease must perform and for how long for the Rozanski test?

A

0-5 minutes:

  • mental arithmetic
  • Stroop-colour word conflict task
  • stress speech (talk about personal fault)
  • graded exercise on a bicycle (until chest pain or exhaustion)
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10
Q

The outcome of performing stress tasks =

A

stress response

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11
Q

___________ is determined __________ (measures wall motion abnormalities in the heart)

A

myocardial ischemia; radionuclide ventriculography

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12
Q

Cardiac wall motion abnormalities were significantly greater with ________ and _______

A

stress speech; graded exercise

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13
Q

Wall motion abnormalities occurred with lower ________ during stress than during exercise (__ vs __ bts/min)

A

heart rate; 64; 94

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14
Q

What is the outcome of chronic stress and how does it affect men and women?

A

blood pressure and heart rate (both men and women) were higher on a workday than non-workday

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15
Q

Walter Canon discovered which type of stress response?

A

Fight or Flight

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16
Q

What increases during fight or flight? (E, N, C, HR, BP, L, P, A)

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Cortisol
  • Heart Rate
  • Blood Pressure
  • Levels and mobilization of free fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides
  • Platelet adhesiveness
  • Aggregation
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17
Q

What decreases during fight or flight?

A

Blood flow to the kidneys, skin and gut

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18
Q

According to Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrom, what are the 3 perceived stressors? (A, R, E)

A
  • Alarm (reaction – fight or flight)
  • Resistance (arousal high as the body tries to defend and adapt)
  • Exhaustion (limited physical resources; resistance to disease collapses; death)
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19
Q

What is the Cognitive Model of Stress Lazarus & Folkman?

A

Potential stressor → Primary appraisal (good or bad situation; is there a threat?) → Secondary appraisal (resources/ skills to handle the situation?) → Response (NO = DISTRESS)

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20
Q

High threat + low resources + high demands =

A

High stress

21
Q

High threat + high resources + high/low demands =

A

Moderate stress

22
Q

Low threat + low resources + low demands =

A

Some stress

23
Q

Low threat + high resources + low demands =

A

Low/No stress

24
Q

How can stress impact behaviour? (IA, S, IC, PD, I&C)

A
  • increased alcohol
  • smoking
  • increased caffeine
  • poor diet
  • inattention & carelessness
25
Q

How does stress impact physiologically? (CR, ER, IR)

A
  • cardiovascular reactivity
  • endocrine reactivity
  • immune reactivity
26
Q

How does stress impact psychophysiologically? (DG, RS, CS, NS)

A
  • digestive system
  • respiratory system
  • cardiovascular system
  • nervous system
27
Q

“Process of managing the discrepancy between the demands of the situation and the available resources; can alter the stress problem or regulate the emotional response” defines:

A

Coping

28
Q

Emotion focussed coping is aimed at controlling the ____________

A

Emotional response to the stressor

29
Q

What is the behavioural way of emotion focussed coping?

A

Use of drugs, alcohol, social support distraction

30
Q

What is the cognitive way to emotionally cope?

A

Change the meaning of stress

31
Q

When is emotion focussed coping used?

A

When the person feels they can’t change the stressor or doesn’t have the resources for demand

32
Q

Problem focussed coping aims at reducing the ______ of the situation or expanding the ______ for dealing with it.

A

demands; resources

33
Q

When is problem focussed coping mechanism used?

A

When the person believes that the demand is changeable

34
Q

Ways to emotionally cope: (S, D, E, S, A, P)

A
  • seeking social support
  • distancing
  • escape/avoidance (taking action to escape or avoid it)
  • self-control (attempting to modulate one’s feelings)
  • accepting responsibility (acknowledging one’s role in the situation while trying to put things right)
  • positive reappraisal (create positive mean)
35
Q

Men generally employed __________________ more than emotional focused strategies

A

Problem focussed coping strategies

36
Q

Women often employ __________ coping strategies

A

Emotion focussed

37
Q

Negative affectivity he of coping style:

A
  • pervasive negative mood
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • hostility
38
Q

The hardiness of coping style:

A
  • high commitment
  • internal locus of control
  • challenge
39
Q

5 types of social support: (E, E T, I, N)

A
  • Emotional support (expression of empathy)
  • Esteem support (positive regard, encouragement)
  • Tangible or instrumental (lending a helpful hand)
  • Information support (advide, new insights)
  • Network support (feeling of belonging)
40
Q

7 ways to cognitively manage stress: (T, H, M, M, P, R, T)

A
  • Therapy
  • Hobbies
  • Meditation
  • Mindfulness
  • Planning
  • Reading
  • Time management
41
Q

6 ways to physically manage stress: (A, B, M, E, R, Y)

A
  • Arts
  • deep Breathing
  • natural Medicine
  • Exercise
  • Relaxation
  • Yoga
42
Q

4 ways to environmentally manage stress: (M, N, P, S)

A
  • Music
  • Nature
  • Pets
  • Spa visits
43
Q

Cognitive therapy assumes that stress arises or is augmented by _____/______ was of ________.

A

faulty; irrational; thinking

44
Q

Catastrophizing?

A

Predicting the worst outcome possible

45
Q

Overgeneralization?

A

The whole situation including one’s self is “bad”

46
Q

Selective abstraction?

A

Only seeing specific details of the situation (seeing bad over good)

47
Q

Relaxation therapy aims at reducing _______ or _____________ reactivity by performing PMMA:

A

hyperarousal; curb emotional-physiological

  • Progressive muscular relaxation
  • Mental imagery
  • Meditation
  • Autogenic training
48
Q

Setting short-term and long-term goals; making daily to-do lists; daily schedules:

A

Time Management

Psychology (11 decks)

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