Stress & Health Flashcards
“The physiological and psychological experience of significant life events, trauma, and chronic strain” defines?
Stress
“The physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges a person and requires some form of adaptation or adjustment” defines?
Stress
What are the three views of stress?
1- Stimulus (looking at the environment)
2- Response (reaction to stress)
3- Interaction (coping with stress → individuals and environment interact)
Give examples of stressors:
- war
- overcrowding
- lost keys
- traffic
- marital conflict
- work stress
Examples of stress:
- life events stress
- daily hassles stress
Describe the social readjustment scale of Holmes and Rohe:
- add values on the right of each event in your life’s past 12 months
- total < 150 = situation is comparable to the average
- 150 < total < 300 = 50% chance of becoming ill
- total > 300 = 80-90% chance of illness
“Sudden, typically short-lived, threatening event (e.g. robbery, speeches)” defines:
Acute stress
“Ongoing environmental demand (e.g. marital conflict, work stress, personality)” defines:
Chronic stress
What are the stress tasks the 39 individuals with coronary artery disease must perform and for how long for the Rozanski test?
0-5 minutes:
- mental arithmetic
- Stroop-colour word conflict task
- stress speech (talk about personal fault)
- graded exercise on a bicycle (until chest pain or exhaustion)
The outcome of performing stress tasks =
stress response
___________ is determined __________ (measures wall motion abnormalities in the heart)
myocardial ischemia; radionuclide ventriculography
Cardiac wall motion abnormalities were significantly greater with ________ and _______
stress speech; graded exercise
Wall motion abnormalities occurred with lower ________ during stress than during exercise (__ vs __ bts/min)
heart rate; 64; 94
What is the outcome of chronic stress and how does it affect men and women?
blood pressure and heart rate (both men and women) were higher on a workday than non-workday
Walter Canon discovered which type of stress response?
Fight or Flight
What increases during fight or flight? (E, N, C, HR, BP, L, P, A)
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Cortisol
- Heart Rate
- Blood Pressure
- Levels and mobilization of free fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides
- Platelet adhesiveness
- Aggregation
What decreases during fight or flight?
Blood flow to the kidneys, skin and gut
According to Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrom, what are the 3 perceived stressors? (A, R, E)
- Alarm (reaction – fight or flight)
- Resistance (arousal high as the body tries to defend and adapt)
- Exhaustion (limited physical resources; resistance to disease collapses; death)
What is the Cognitive Model of Stress Lazarus & Folkman?
Potential stressor → Primary appraisal (good or bad situation; is there a threat?) → Secondary appraisal (resources/ skills to handle the situation?) → Response (NO = DISTRESS)
High threat + low resources + high demands =
High stress
High threat + high resources + high/low demands =
Moderate stress
Low threat + low resources + low demands =
Some stress
Low threat + high resources + low demands =
Low/No stress
How can stress impact behaviour? (IA, S, IC, PD, I&C)
- increased alcohol
- smoking
- increased caffeine
- poor diet
- inattention & carelessness
