Mood Disorders Flashcards
What are the three types of classes of disorders marked by emotional disturbances?
- major depressive disorder
- dysthymia
- bipolar disorder
“persistent feelings of sadness and despair, loss of interest in sources of pleasure” defines:
Major depressive disorder
What are the four main symptoms of major depressive disorder?
1- Mood
2- Cognitive
3- Motivational
4- sSmatic
When diagnosing major depression, one must show ___ or more symptoms for at least ___ weeks, ___ symptom must be depressed mood or loss of pleasure
5; 2; 1
What are the symptoms major depression can show? (D, L, W, I, P, F, F, R, S)
- Depressed mood
- Loss of interest for pleasure
- Weight loss/gain
- Insomnia/hyper insomnia
- Psychomotor agitation/retardation
- Fatigue
- Feeling of worthlessness/guilt
- Reduced ability to concentrate
- Suicidal thoughts (or dark thoughts)
“Chronic depression that does not meet for major depression; lasts at least two years” defines:
Dysthymia
“Depression (usually dominant state) alternate with periods of mania; main features of manic states including feelings of power, confidence, energy, enhanced creativity” defines:
Bipolar disorder
Not all individuals with BD experience manic states as ______; some find times of ______
euphoric; paranoia
Emotional characteristics of manic behaviour of BD:
euphoria, impatience, extreme sociability
Emotional characteristics of depressive behaviour of BD:
Irritability, indecisiveness, social withdrawal
Cognitive characteristics of manic behaviour of BD:
Distractibility, desire for actions, impulsiveness, talkativeness, grandiosity, inflated self-esteem
Cognitive characteristics of depressive behaviour of BD:
Obsessive worrying about death, negative self-image, difficulty in concentration
Motor characteristics of manic behaviour of BD:
Hyperactivity, decreased need for sleep, sexual indiscretion, fluctuating appetite
Motor characteristics of depressive behaviour of BD:
Decreased motor activity, fatigue, difficulty in sleeping, decreased appetite, decreased sex drive
When a person is suicidal, _____ & _____ use increases the risk for it to happen (impulsive decision making)
Alcohol and drug
_______ attempt more, _______ complete more
Females; males (men use more lethal methods)
What are the three suicide myths?
1- people who talk about suicide don’t commit suicide
2- suicide usually takes place with little or no warning
3- people who attempt suicide or fully intend on dying
What does SAD PERSONS stand for? (factors that determine suicide)
- Sex (females are more likely to attempt, but men are more likely to complete suicide)
- Age (Young and old people are more likely to attempt suicide)
- Depression (often present)
- Previous attempt
- Ethanol abuse (abuse of alcohol)
- Rational thought (not clearly thinking)
- Social supports lacking
- Organized plan
- No spouse
- Sickness
What is the biological perspective of depression/bipolar disorder?
- heredity
- serotonin (important in promoting calm and sleep)
- norepinephrine and dopamine (importance and motivation and pleasure enhancing)
Explain the Hopelessness Theory of Depression:
People who are depressed tend to make internal, stable, global attributions for negative experiences; external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive experiences
What are the three types of maladaptive thoughts in depression?
- internal (blaming oneself)
- stable (accusing oneself of being born this way)
- global (bringing negative into everything)
“Disturbances in thought that affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes” defines:
Schizophrenia
What are the onset trends for schizophrenia?
Males: 18-25
Females: 26-45
1% of the population
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (H, D, D, D)
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disordered thinking
- Disorganized behaviour
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Absence of expected behaviours, thoughts, feelings, drives
(examples: social withdrawal, apathy, loss of motivation, lack of goal-directed behavior, very limited speech, slow movements, poor hygiene, poor problem-solving, distorted sense of time)
What are the two types of delusions in schizophrenia?
- Delusions Persecution (belief of others plotting against you)
- Delusions of Grandeur (belief in own extraordinary competence)
“False beliefs held in face of compelling evidence to the contrary” defines:
Delusions
“False sensory perceptions – seeing or hearing things that are not there” defines:
Hallucinations
What is the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia?
Auditory
What are the four schizophrenic subtypes? (P, D, U, C)
- Paranoid type
- Disorganized type
- Undifferentiated type
- Catatonic type
What type of schizophrenia is defined by delusions of persecution in grandeur; belief in enemies?
Paranoid type
What type of schizophrenia is defined by incoherent speech, inappropriate flattened affect, particularly severe?
Disorganized type
What type of schizophrenia is defined by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity?
Catatonic type
What type of schizophrenia is defined by the catch of all category; idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms?
Undifferentiated type
What are the three biological causes of schizophrenia?
- Excess of dopamine
- Enlarged ventricles
- Genetic influence
What model causes schizophrenia?
Stress-diathesis
What is the social-cultural cause of schizophrenia?
Levels of expressed emotion
