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psychology > Personality – Freud > Flashcards

Personality – Freud Flashcards

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1
Q

What is defined by an individual’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours?

A

Personality

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2
Q

Personality psychologists who address physiology, inheritance, and evolution, focus on:

A

Biology

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3
Q

Personality psychologists who focus on the unconscious mind and internal conflict focus on:

A

Psychoanalytic

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4
Q

Personality psychologists who focus on conscious experience, focus on growth, spirituality, and self fulfillment, focus on:

A

Humanistic

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5
Q

Personality psychologists who observe how people differ from one another (personality traits), focus on:

A

Trait Approach

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6
Q

Personality psychologists who focus on the science of learning, impact of rewards and punishment, focus on:

A

Behaviourist

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7
Q

Personality psychologists who observe human thought and modern cognitive psychology, focus on:

A

Cognitive

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8
Q

Personality psychologists who emphasize that we are different in different situations (situation and person interact), focus on:

A

Interactionist

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9
Q

What are the 3 levels of awareness in consciousness?

A

1- Conscious (thoughts in the exact moment)
2- Preconscious
3- Unconscious

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10
Q

What are the 3 components of personality?

A

1- Ego
2- Superego
3- ID

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11
Q

What are the 5 psychosexual stages of development? (OAPLG)

A 
1- Oral
2- Anal
3- Phallic
4- Latency
5- Genital
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12
Q

What is the primary motivational source of the unconscious level?

A

“The seething cauldron”

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13
Q

What does the unconscious mind think of?

A

repressed contents of the mind (unpleasant memories); sexual and aggressive instincts

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14
Q

What personality structure operates according to the pleasure principle (primitive and unconscious part of personality; immediate gratification, impulsive, amoral, selfish)?

A

ID

voice that convinces you to be selfish

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15
Q

What personality structure holds your moral ideas and conscience (promotes guilt, shame, embarrassment, pride → self-conscious emotions)?

A

Superego

voice that tells you to do what is morally correct

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16
Q

What personality structure operates according to the reality principle (mediates between ID and superego; logical, rational, acts in the real world)?

A

Ego

balance between ID and Superego

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17
Q

Our lives are a constant _____ of ______ (desire/fear; love/hate)

A

negotiation; opposing impulses

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18
Q

ID, Ego and Superego are constantly battling to control our behaviour, and this conflict leads to _______

A

anxiety

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19
Q

How do we cope with the anxiety?

A

Defence Mechanisms

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20
Q

8 types of defence mechanisms: (4RP2DS)

A
  • Repression
  • Rationalization
  • Regression
  • Reaction formation
  • Projection
  • Denial
  • Displacement
  • Sublimation
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21
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of placing uncomfortable thoughts in relatively inaccessible areas of the subconscious mind?

A

Repression (ignoring emotions rather than understanding them)

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22
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of convincing yourself that a dangerous/threatening event did not occur, was not your fault, or is not so bad (downplaying the trauma)?

A

Denial (pretending it didn’t happen)

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23
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of redirecting threatening impulse/desire elsewhere?

A

Displacement (channelling emotions into something else)

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24
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of generating acceptable, logical reasons for outcomes that otherwise would not be acceptable?

A

Rationalization (logically analyzing outcomes of actions; finding reasons, not excuses)

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25
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of stifling an unacceptable impulse. the exact opposite of behaviours/desires displayed?

A

Reaction formation (doing the opposite of what you believe/desire)

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26
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of taking the position of a child in some problematic situation, rather than acting in a more adult way (wetting themselves, fetal positioning, teddy bears, etc)?

A

Regression (imitating childlike behaviour)

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27
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of projecting one’s own unacceptable qualities onto others?

A

Projection (projecting your own flaws onto others → beating down others to uplift one’s ego)

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28
Q

Which defence mechanism consists of converting unacceptable desire into an acceptable behaviour?

A

Sublimation (finding healthy outlets → replace bad desire with a good one)

***best coping mechanism

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29
Q

Which is projective technique is used to access the unconscious?

A

Rorschach test (inkblot test)

30
Q

A common way of accessing the unconscious?

A

Therapy/talking

31
Q

What type of analysis can reveal what the unconscious mind desires?

A

Dream analysis

32
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stages each mark an internal _____, and personality development requires resolving each ______

A

conflict

33
Q

If conflicts aren’t resolved during psychosexual stages, ______ occurs

A

fixation

34
Q

Which stage happens from birth to age 1-1.5, where feeding is the main source of an infant’s pleasure (too much or too little breastfeeding = sexual pleasure with the mouth in later years)?

A

Oral stage

35
Q

What can be the undesirable traits developed because of oral stage conflicts?

A
  • too much dependency on others
  • rejection of others/sarcasm
  • over or under eating
36
Q

Which stage happens from age 1.5 to 2.5, where potty training is a focus (too lenient of too strict potty training = sexual pleasure with the elimination of bodily waste)?

A

Anal stage

37
Q

What can be the undesirable traits developed because of anal stage conflicts?

A
  • excessively stingy or overgenerous

- sticking rigidly to rules; excessively neat and clean

38
Q

Which stage happens from age 2.5 to 5/6, where children experience the Oedipus or Electra conflict (desire to marry the opposite-sex parent, and being hostile towards same-sex parent; children begin to identify with the emotions of the same-sex parent; sexual pleasure → genitals)?

A

Phallic Stage

39
Q

What can be the undesirable traits developed because of phallic stage conflicts?

A
  • anxiety
  • extreme guilt
  • phobias
  • depression
40
Q

Which stage happens from age 6 to adolescence, where conflicts from previous stages become hidden and no new conflicts arise; all children want is to learn and discover?

A

Latency stage

41
Q

Which stage happens from adolescence to +adulthood, where the purpose of life becomes finding a mate (no new conflicts, but old ones resurface from previous stages → sexual pleasure becomes a mutual goal for satisfaction of both partners)?

A

Genital stage

42
Q

What are the criticisms of Freud’s personality theories?

A
  • poor testability
  • inadequate evidence
  • “science fiction” VS “science”
  • sexism
43
Q

Who developed the neo analytic theories? (3 psychologists)

A

1- Jung
2- Adler
3- Horney

44
Q

What are the 3 parts of personalities according to Carl Jung? (EPC)

A
  • Ego (rational, conscious, operates according to the reality principle)
  • Personal unconscious (thoughts and experiences accessible to the conscious + repressed memories and impulses)
  • Collective unconscious (universal experiences of humankind; archetypes)
45
Q

An inherited tendency to perceive and respond in particular ways to universal human situations (like characters in theatre → “evil stepmother”, brave hero, etc.) is the definition of?

A

Archetype

46
Q

Adler believes in the _____ of the personality. Personality drives us to overcome feelings of _______, and due to that, “________” develops (how a person struggles to achieve superiority).

A

unity; inferiority; style of life

47
Q

Horney developed ______ psychology and believed that many women’s psychological _______ arise from _______ to live up to men’s expectations of them. (women had to learn to overcome the irrational belief about the need for _______)

A

feminine; difficulties; failure; perfection

48
Q

A stable and consistent personal characteristic used to describe or explain personality is the definition of?

A

Trait

49
Q

An attempt to explain personality and differences among people in terms of personal characteristics is the definition of?

A

Trait theory

50
Q

What are the 3 kinds of traits according to Allport?

A

1- cardinal
2- central
3- secondary

51
Q

According to Allport, a sense of self, unifying the core of personality, is the definition of?

A

Proprium

52
Q

Who used factor analysis and identified the 16 source traits (the basic elements of personality)?

A

Cattell

53
Q

According to Eysenck, personality types consists of:

A

1- Basic dimensions that underlie traits

2- Broad general categories

54
Q

What are the two basic dimensions according to Eysenck?

A

1- Neuroticism

2- Introversion-extroversion

55
Q

What are Eysenck’s 3 dimensions (NEP)?

A
  • Neuroticism
  • Extroversion
  • Psychoticism
56
Q

Whether your mood fluctuates, you feel “fed up” often, and/or if you’re an irritable person defines:

A

Neuroticism

57
Q

Whether you like mixing with people, how outgoing you are and/or if you’re happy-go-lucky defines:

A

Extroversion

58
Q

Whether you enjoy cooperation, attempt to not be rude to others and/or whether good manners and cleanliness matter to you defines:

A

Psychoticism

59
Q

Five-factor theory (OCEAN):

A
  • Openness to experience (degree of open-mindedness)
  • Conscientiousness (degree of dependability)
  • Extraversion (degree of sociability)
  • Agreeableness (degree of friendliness)
  • Neuroticism (degree of emotional instability)
60
Q

Humanistic psychologists who speak of growth and potential define:

A

Humanists

61
Q

Humanists believe that ______ are more than a sum of _______ parts, and each person is a ______ and _______ whole.

A

people; predictable; unique; individual

62
Q

What is the Maslow hierarchy of needs from bottom to top? (PSLES)

A
  • Physiological
  • Safety
  • Love/belonging
  • Esteem
  • Self-actualization
63
Q

The need to satisfy hunger and thirst defines?

A

Physiological needs

64
Q

The need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; the need to feel safe, secure, and stable defines?

A

Safety needs

65
Q

The need to love and be loved, to belong and be excepted; the need to avoid loneliness and alienation defines?

A

Love/belonging needs

66
Q

The need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; the need for recognition and respect from others defines?

A

Esteem needs

67
Q

The need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential defines?

A

Self-actualization needs

68
Q

The theory of need for positive regard (acceptance, sympathy, love from others → essential for healthy development) comes from?

A

Rogers

69
Q

Communicating that the child is inherently worthy of love defines?

A

Unconditional positive regard

70
Q

Depending on how the child behaves; love and acceptance only given one child behaves as a parent wants defines?

A

Conditional positive regard

psychology (11 decks)

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