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Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

______ is our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

_________ is when our awareness focuses on only a limited portion of what we experience

A

Selective Attention

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3
Q

________ is the failure to see visible objects when we are attending to another task

A

Inattentional blindness

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4
Q

________ can only be in one place at a time

A

Conscious attention

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5
Q

We spend about ___ of our lives asleep

A

1/3

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6
Q

If you live to 75 years old, you will have slept ___ years

A

25

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7
Q

The period of time needed to fall asleep is ________

A

Sleep latency

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8
Q

Normal sleep duration time:

A

6-9 hours

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9
Q

Normal position changes per night:

A

20-40

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10
Q

Night awakenings per night (+ what increases the number):

A

1-2 → increases with age

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11
Q

REM stands for:

A

Rapid-Eye Movement

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12
Q

During REM, there are lots of ________

A

brain activity (lots of EEG waves)

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13
Q

During REM, ________ are most relaxed (“paralyzed”)

A

postural muscles

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14
Q

During REM, we experience loose ________

A

associative thinking

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15
Q

When deprived from REM sleep, what are 2 effects that can happen?

A

1- subjects attempt to increase REM

2- mild temporary personality changes

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16
Q

Animals increase REM after learning something:

A

Memory Storage

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17
Q

Rem is necessary to get _____ to the corneas

A

oxygen

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18
Q

Why do we need sleep? (4 reasons)

A

1- Remembering (restore and rebuild memories from the day)
2- Protective
3- Recuperation (restore and repair brain tissue)
4- Growth (growth hormone released during deep sleep)

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19
Q

5 sleep deprivation effects:

A 
1- fatigue
2- impaired concentration
3- immune suppression
4- irritability
5- slowed performance
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20
Q

Humans last around 24.2 h:

A

Endogenous circadian rhythms

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21
Q

Main control center for sleep and temperature circadian rhythms:

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

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22
Q

2 things that reset the clock:

A

1- Light

2- Melatonin

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23
Q

___ % of dreams are forgotten

A

95

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24
Q

Lucid dreaming:

A

Controlling actions during sleep

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25
Q

The tendency for REM sleep increases following REM sleep deprivation:

A

REM Rebound

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26
Q

Why do we dream?

A

An outlet for unacceptable feelings and information processing

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27
Q

Which sleep disorder is a persistent problem in falling or staying asleep?

A

Insomnia

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28
Q

What are the natural remedies of insomnia?

A

Exercise; avoiding caffeine; dim lights; avoid naps; same wake up time; turn away clocks

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29
Q

Which sleeping disorder is the uncontrollable sleep attacks (lapsing directly into REM sleep, often at unfortunate times)?

A

Narcolepsy

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30
Q

Which sleep disorder intermittently stops breathing during sleep, then has frequent momentary awakenings?

A

Sleep apnea

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31
Q

Which sleep disorder is mostly seen in children, and is the appearance of being terrified during stage three of sleep (non REM)?

A

Night terrors

32
Q

Sleepwalking and talking is also known as _______; runs in ______; more common in ________; usually _______

A

Somnambulism; families; childhood; harmless

33
Q

What is a Chemical substance that alters perception and mood?

A

Psychoactive drug

34
Q

What is the physiological need for a drug; marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and drug tolerance?

A

Physical dependence

35
Q

What is a psychological need to use a drug? (Relative to emotions)

A

Psychological dependence

36
Q

What diminishes the effects of drug from regular use?

37
Q

What causes discomfort and distress that follows discontinue use of drugs?

A

Withdrawal

38
Q

4 factors that influence potential addiction:

A

1- quickness of the effects
2- pleasure level of the effects
3- longevity of the effects
4- amount of discomfort experienced

39
Q

What are the three psychoactive drug categories?

A

1- Depressants
2- Stimulants
3- Hallucinogens

40
Q

Where do psychoactive drugs work?

A

Brain synapses

41
Q

Which type of psychoactive drug reduces neural activity and slows body function (alcohol, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines)?

A

Depressants

42
Q

Which psychoactive drug is the most commonly used?

43
Q

What is the active ingredient of alcohol?

A

Ethyl alcohol

44
Q

What are opiates?

A

Opium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin)

45
Q

What do opiates do?

A

Depression neural activity and temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

46
Q

Which drug depresses the activity of the central nervous system, reduce his anxiety, but impairs memory and judgment?

A

Barbiturates

47
Q

Which drug replace barbiturates in the 1960s, is associated with dependency problems, and is used for anxiety?

A

Benzodiazepines

48
Q

Which type of drug excites neural activity, while speeding up body functions?

A

Stimulants

49
Q

Which is the most commonly consumed stimulant in the world?

50
Q

Which drugs stimulate neuro activity, causing speeded up body functions and associating energy and mood changes?

A

Amphetamine and methamphetamine

51
Q

What are the short term affects of amphetamine?

A

Increased energy, wakefulness, hallucinations

52
Q

What are the long-term effects of amphetamine?

A

Addiction, violence and aggression, malnutrition

53
Q

What are the short term affects of methamphetamine?

A

Euphoria and energy

54
Q

What are the long-term effects of methamphetamine?

A

More addictive than amphetamine, paranoia, brain damage

55
Q

What is the most powerful natural stimulant, synthesized the leaves of the erythroxylon coca plant?

56
Q

What are the short term affects of cocaine

A

Euphoria, increased energy, wakefulness, talkativeness

57
Q

What are the long-term effects of cocaine?

A

Highly addictive, damage to nasal cartilage, cardiac irregularities, body burn out, malnutrition, death

58
Q

What are signs of an overdose in cocaine?

A

Increase in body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, death

59
Q

Which type of psychoactive drug is psychedelic, mind manifesting, can distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input?

A

Hallucinogens

60
Q

What is the most common in potent hallucinogen?

61
Q

How long can LSD last?

A

30 min to 12 h

62
Q

What are bad trips when taking hallucinogens?

A

Frightening hallucinations, paranoia, anxiety

63
Q

Which hallucinogen comes from the leaves and flowers of the hemp plant?

A

Marijuana

64
Q

What are the short term affects of marijuana?

A

Euphoria, relaxation, hilarity, negative psychological reactions (Panic attacks, anxiety, hallucinations)

65
Q

What are the long term affects of marijuana?

A

Carcinogens, amotivational syndrome, addiction

66
Q

What is the major active ingredient of marijuana?

67
Q

How long can THC stay in ones body?

68
Q

4 hallucinogen impairs:

A

1- Motor coordination
2- reaction time
3- formation of memories
4- Information recall

69
Q

Marijuana smoke can be _____ and can damage ______

A

Toxic; lungs

70
Q

Which synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen has short term and long term health risks and has been available on the streets since 1980 (known to be used at Raves)?

A

Ecstasy

71
Q

What are the short term affects of ecstasy?

A

Confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug crazy, severe anxiety, paranoia, muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement, fitness, chills

72
Q

What are the long-term effects of ecstasy?

A

Brain damage, especially to serotonin pathways

73
Q

What describes focussed attention, height in suggestibility, diminished response to external stimuli, pain control?

74
Q

What is the technique for self-induced manipulation of awareness, often used for the purpose of relaxation and self-awareness?

A

Meditation

75
Q

What are the physiological changes of meditation?

A

Lower blood pressure, EEG changes

Psychology (11 decks)

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