Intelligence Cognition

Question 1

“Mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information” defines:

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Intelligence is defined by 5 factors:

Answer 2

1- how fast/easily we learn (Knowledge acquisition)
2- how easily/accurately we retain information (Memory)
3- how easily we connect ideas & facts (Abstract thinking)
4- how easily/creatively we apply our knowledge to new situations (Problem-solving)
5- ability to act purposefully, think rationally, deal with our environment (Adaptation to environment)

Question 3

Heritability estimates?

Answer 3

[0.5 , 0.72] → 50% to 72% of intelligence is due to genes

Question 4

Twin studies?

Answer 4

IQ of identical twins (whether separated or not) are (or almost) identical

Question 5

Adoptees?

Answer 5

No correlation between IQ of adopted child and IQ of adoptive parents (breaks down environmental factor)

Question 6

What is the difference in IQ level between children with little human contact VS children with normal human contact?

Answer 6

[30 , 50] points difference

Question 7

What is the cumulative effects of environmental disadvantage?

Answer 7

Older deprived children should do worse on IQ tests than their younger siblings (1 point per year for ten years between 5 and 16 years of age)

Question 8

Adopted children’s environments affect the children how?

Answer 8

Disadvantaged adoptees put in better homes usually out-perform their pre-adoptive peers

Question 9

What is the Flynn effect? (3 facts)

Answer 9

1- A purely innate general intelligence should be stable over generations
2- Intelligence is not stable
3- Standardization samples for major IQ tests score higher than predecessors (18 IQ points)

Question 10

What did Charles Spearman observe?

Answer 10

People bright in one area are usually bright in other areas also

Question 11

General ability =

Answer 11

G factor (all intellectual functions)

Question 12

Specific abilities =

Answer 12

S factors

Question 13

What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?

Answer 13

1- Componential Intelligence (traditional IQ)
2- Experiential Intelligence (creative thinking and problem-solving)
3- Contextual Intelligence (street smarts

Question 14

What are Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory categories?

Answer 14

1- Musical
2- Bodily-Kinesthetic
3- Interpersonal
4- Verbal-Linguistic
5- Logical-Mathematical
6- Naturalistic
7- Intrapersonal
8- Visual-Spatial

Question 15

EQ =

Answer 15

Emotional intelligence

Question 16

What was Daniel Goleman’s theory?

Answer 16

Being highly intelligent is no guarantee of success in life. A person’s emotions can be just as important as their cognitive intelligence.

Question 17

How was IQ measured in the past?

Answer 17

IQ = Mental age ÷ Chronological Age x 100

Question 18

What is Deviation IQ?

Answer 18

Compares a person’s score to others of the same age

Question 19

Describe the range of intelligence

Answer 19

Majority of people are average; about 2% are superior and/or intellectually impaired (lower)

Question 20

What are the 3 characteristics of a good IQ test?

Answer 20

1- Validity
2- Reliability
3- Standardization

Question 21

In a 1916 Stanford-Binet IQ test for 12-year-olds, what 6 things did it test?

Answer 21

1- Vocabulary
2- Practical Problem Solving
3- Grammar
4- Interpretation
5- Similarities
6- Memory

Question 22

David Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for Children tests which 5 things?

Answer 22

1- Verbal comprehension
2- Visual spatial
3- Fluid reasoning
4- Working memory
5- Processing speed

Question 23

What are the uses and abuses of IQ tests?

Answer 23

Iq scores can predict academic achievement and success of individuals, and relate to job performance, income, social status and education completeness. However, they are not culture-fair intelligence tests (some abuse of the test scores to diminish the intelligence of minorities).

Question 24

The validity of a test refers to its?

Answer 24

Ability to measure what it claims to measure

Question 25

Which type of intelligence wasn’t discussed in class or in textbooks?

Answer 25

Physiological intelligence

Question 26

Robert took a test design to measure his ability to draw, and he earned the same score each time he took the test. It appears that the test is?

Answer 26

Reliable

Question 27

To get subjects to continue increasing the level of shock in the Milgram study, the experimenters:

Answer 27

Stated “you have no choice, you must go on.”