Abnormality

Question 1

4 D’s of Abnormal:

Answer 1

• Deviance
• Discomfort
• Dysfunctional behaviour
• Dangerous

Question 2

Deviance?

Answer 2

norm violation (right vs wrong)

Question 3

The statistical rarity of deviance:

Answer 3

• Normal: within average

- Abnormal behaviour: not in average

Question 4

Discomfort?

Answer 4

distressing feelings or thoughts or behaviours (ex: OCD)

Question 5

Dangerous behaviour?

Answer 5

harm to oneself or others

Question 6

DSM-5 stands for:

Answer 6

American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition)

Question 7

What is the use of the DSM-5?

Answer 7

System for classifying psychological disorders

Question 8

In defining psychological disorders:
left?
mid-left?
mid-right?
right?

Answer 8

• No disorder
• Mild disorder
• Moderate disorder
• Sever disorder

Question 9

What are the multidimensional influences of abnormal behaviour? (B, S, EC, B)

Answer 9

• Biological influences
• Social influences
• Emotional and cognitive influences
• Behavioural influences

Question 10

History of abnormality treatment: (B, V, W, A, TC, MT, ET, MP, D)

Answer 10

• Bloodletting
• Vomit induction
• Witch-hunting (15th c)
• early Asylums (Dark Ages)
• Tranquilizing Chair (Benjamin Rush)
• Moral Treatment (Dorothea Dix)
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
• Modern Perspective treatment
• Deinstitutionalization (1960s)

Question 11

Modern perspective treatment of abnormal behaviour: (P, B, C)

Answer 11

• Psychoanalysis
• Behaviourism
• Cognitive

Question 12

5 types of anxiety disorders: (P, G, P, O, P)

Answer 12

• Panic disorders
• General anxiety
• Phobias
• OCD
• PTSD

Question 13

“A state of excessive feelings of apprehension, uncertainty or fear, resulting from the anticipation of a real or imaginary threatening event or situation” defines:

Answer 13

Anxiety disorders

Question 14

Anxiety disorders appear in the ______; anxiety system is ____, _____ or _____

Answer 14

extremes; excessive, inappropriate, deficient

Question 15

Lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders:

Answer 15

15-20%

Question 16

“Recurrent attacks of severe anxiety; physical symptoms; emotional and behavioural symptoms; sudden in onset, not predictable, confined to situations; free of anxiety between attacks” defines:

Answer 16

Panic disorders

Question 17

Describe the cognitive perspective of the panic disorder:

Answer 17

Trigger Stimulus = Perceived threat → Apprehension → Body sensations → Interpretation of sensations as catastrophic

Question 18

The cognitive component of OCD is _____ and the behavioural component is ______

Answer 18

obsessions; compulsions

Question 19

“Free-floating anxiety; constant worry about past, present, future; may see muscle tension, poor concentration, irritability, sleep disturbance, feeling on edge” describes:

Answer 19

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 20

“Anxiety invoked by specific circumstances or situations” defines:

Answer 20

Phobias (irrational fear)

Question 21

Agoraphobia?

Answer 21

Fear of open spaces, crowds or public spaces; difficult to get a place of safety; immediate exit is lacking

Question 22

Social phobia? (most common – 10%)

Answer 22

Anxiety provoking by social or performance situation

Question 23

What type of biological factors cause anxiety disorders?

Answer 23

• Genetics
• Hormones
• Neurotransmitters

Question 24

What are the psychological/cognitive factors that causes anxiety disorders?

Answer 24

• impact of learning
• abuse or Trumatic childhood experiences
• hyper vigilant (over estimation of risk and underestimation of safety)