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Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of psychology

A

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes (social interaction, emotion and thought)

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2
Q

Goals of psychology

A
  • Prediction
  • Influence
  • Explanation
  • Description
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3
Q

Where psychologists work:

A
  • Medical area
  • Independent practice
  • School
  • Business/non-profit
  • University
  • Government
  • Hospital
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4
Q

What research is for describing, explaining and predicting, while seeking new knowledge and advancing scientific studies?

A

Basic research

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5
Q

What research is for applying research to life, solving practical problems and improving quality of life?

A

Applied research

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6
Q

What is manipulated during expriment research method?

A

IV

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7
Q

What is measured during experimental research method?

A

DV

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8
Q

Random assignment caused by:

A

Selection bias

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9
Q

What research method does NOT look for causality and effect?

A

Correlational method

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10
Q

Strong “r” from correlational chart

A

1 or -1

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11
Q

Researchers must follow ______ when conducting research

A

Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists

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12
Q

Psychologists must always ________ reason to conduct research

A

Explain/debrief

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13
Q

Nervous system consists of which 2 nervous systems?

A

Central NS and Peripheral NS

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14
Q

Central nervous system consists of:

A

Brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of:

A

Somatic NS and Autonomic NS

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16
Q

Autonomic Nervous System consists of:

A

Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS

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17
Q

To study brain structure, dissection practices is called ________

A

Phrenology

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18
Q

CT scan stands for ________

A

Computerized Axial Tomgraphy

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19
Q

What scanning has dense white images, is performed by a doughnut shaped x-ray (360°), but not much details on the scanned images of brain?

A

CT scan

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20
Q

MRI stands for ______

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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21
Q

What scan involves a giant magnet, good spatial resolution of images to spot brain details and structure and water spots?

A

MRI

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22
Q

Brain functions are studied through: (CANIB)

A
  • Case studies
  • Ablation/lesion studies
  • Neuropsychological assessment
  • Imaging
  • Brain electrical activity
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23
Q

PET scan stands for _______

A

Position emission tomography

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24
Q

What scan is based on blood flow and oxygen to the brain, is invasive given the need of radioactive material injection into the system, and has poor temporal resolution?

A

PET scan

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25
fMRI stands for _______
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
26
Which imaging process has no injections, shows brain structure and has good spatial and temporal resolution?
fMRI
27
EEG stands for ________
Electroencephalogram
28
What brain activity recording involves electrodes stuck on the surface of the head, but is non invasive?
EEG
29
Neurone doctrine:
Neurones do the work and are connected by synapses
30
Charge of interior of resting neurone?
Negative
31
During an action potential, a flow of _____ charges goes into the neurone
Positive
32
What is the refractory period?
Neurone cannot fire for 1 millisecond (down time)
33
“all or none”
Neurones fire or don’t
34
What is a the connection point between neurones where electrical activity is converted into chemical signals to transfer to the next neurone?
Synapse
35
3 brain Planes:
* Coronal * Sagittal * Horizontal
36
Cerebrum has what cerebral hemispheres?
Right and left
37
What is primarily responsible for higher mental processes?
Cerebral cortex
38
What is the physical connection between the right and left hemisphere called?
Corpus Callosum
39
Left hemisphere controls:
* language functions * analytical functions * right hand touch
40
Right hemisphere controls:
* nonverbal abilities * some language comprehension * left hand touch
41
What is it called when someone’s corpus callosum is separated for epilepsy treatment or is just severed?
Split Brain
42
Brain lobe placements:
* frontal lobe (including motor cortex and boca’s area) * parietal lobe (including somatosensory cortex) * occipital lobe (including primary visual cortex) * temporal lobe (including primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area) * cerebellum
43
Lobe in charge of thinking, motivation, planning, impulse control, emotional response?
Frontal lobe
44
Cortex in charge of voluntary body mouvement?
Motor cortex
45
Area in charge of speech production?
Broca’s area
46
Lobe in charge of object memory by touch and sensory attention?
Parietal lobe
47
Cortex in charge of touch sensation, pain, temperature and pressure?
Somatosensory cortex
48
Lobe in charge of visual stimuli interpretation?
Occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)
49
Lobe in charge of auditory stimuli interpretation?
Temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex)
50
What area is in charge of spoken word comprehension and formulating coherent language (speech and writing)?
Wernicke’s area
51
Hippocampus is important for _____
Memory
52
What is in charge of graceful mouvement, is called the “small brain” and controls motor skills and coordination (influenced by alcohol)?
Cerebellum
53
What is the message center and info relay station that controls learning, language and sleep called?
Thalamus
54
What regulates hunger, thirst, sex and emotion, body temp and clock?
Hypothalamus
55
Limbic system involves:
* amygdala | * hippocampus
56
What controls emotion of fear and anger?
Amygdala
57
What controls the arousal system?
Reticular formation
58
What controls the heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing and coughing?
Medulla
59
What’s the brains extension that controls reflexes and connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?
Spinal cord
60
What relays motor messages between cerebellum and motor cortex, while influencing sleep and dreaming?
Pons
61
Placement of parts under cerebral cortex:
``` 1- hypothalamus 2- thalamus 3- cerebellum 4- reticular formation 5- pons 6- medulla 7- spinal cord ```
62
Process where senses detect sensory stimuli and transmits it to the brain
Sensation
63
What receives the stimulus from the environment and transfers nerve impulses to the be processed by the brain?
Sensory receptor cells
64
Process by which sensory info is organized and interpreted by the brain
Perception
65
Process where sensory receptors convert stimulation from physical energy into neural impulses
Sensory transduction
66
5 sensory receptors:
* photoreceptors (eyes) for visible light (400-700 nm) * chemoreceptors (nose) * mechanoreceptors (skin and ears) * thermoreceptors (skin) * nocireceptors (skin and ears) for pain detection
67
Explain threshold
Sensitivity (lower the threshold higher the sensitivity)
68
JND
Just noticeable difference
69
Process of becoming less sensitive to a stimuli
Sensory adaptation
70
Photoreceptors contain ______
Ross and cones
71
The eye has ___ million rods that see ____
* 125 | * black and white
72
The eye has ___ million cones that see ____
* 6 | * colours
73
3 types of cones:
* S = blue * M = green * L = red
74
Colour blindness that only sees contrast and not colours
Monochromatic
75
Colour blindness with missing cones, but perceives and mixes up certain colours
Dichromatic
76
Primary visual cortex damage
Scotomas
77
Inability to identify faces
Prosopagnosia
78
Gestalt psychology: | Form perception
* proximity * similarity * continuity * closure and completion
79
Perceptual constancies:
* size constancy * shape constancy * brightness constancy
80
Depth perception
Binocular depth cues (2 eyes working) and monocular depth cues (1 eye working)
81
Binocular depth cues work when crystallin performs ______
Convergence
82
Monocular depth cues involves RILTASM
* relative size * interposition * linear perspective * texture gradient * atmospheric perspective * shadow or shading * motion parallax
83
Motion perception (SSPB)
* size and position * stroboscopic movement * phi phenomenon * biological motion demo

Psychology (11 decks)

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