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Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of psychology

A

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes (social interaction, emotion and thought)

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2
Q

Goals of psychology

A
  • Prediction
  • Influence
  • Explanation
  • Description
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3
Q

Where psychologists work:

A
  • Medical area
  • Independent practice
  • School
  • Business/non-profit
  • University
  • Government
  • Hospital
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4
Q

What research is for describing, explaining and predicting, while seeking new knowledge and advancing scientific studies?

A

Basic research

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5
Q

What research is for applying research to life, solving practical problems and improving quality of life?

A

Applied research

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6
Q

What is manipulated during expriment research method?

A

IV

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7
Q

What is measured during experimental research method?

A

DV

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8
Q

Random assignment caused by:

A

Selection bias

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9
Q

What research method does NOT look for causality and effect?

A

Correlational method

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10
Q

Strong “r” from correlational chart

A

1 or -1

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11
Q

Researchers must follow ______ when conducting research

A

Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists

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12
Q

Psychologists must always ________ reason to conduct research

A

Explain/debrief

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13
Q

Nervous system consists of which 2 nervous systems?

A

Central NS and Peripheral NS

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14
Q

Central nervous system consists of:

A

Brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of:

A

Somatic NS and Autonomic NS

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16
Q

Autonomic Nervous System consists of:

A

Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS

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17
Q

To study brain structure, dissection practices is called ________

A

Phrenology

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18
Q

CT scan stands for ________

A

Computerized Axial Tomgraphy

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19
Q

What scanning has dense white images, is performed by a doughnut shaped x-ray (360°), but not much details on the scanned images of brain?

A

CT scan

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20
Q

MRI stands for ______

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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21
Q

What scan involves a giant magnet, good spatial resolution of images to spot brain details and structure and water spots?

A

MRI

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22
Q

Brain functions are studied through: (CANIB)

A
  • Case studies
  • Ablation/lesion studies
  • Neuropsychological assessment
  • Imaging
  • Brain electrical activity
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23
Q

PET scan stands for _______

A

Position emission tomography

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24
Q

What scan is based on blood flow and oxygen to the brain, is invasive given the need of radioactive material injection into the system, and has poor temporal resolution?

A

PET scan

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25
Q

fMRI stands for _______

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

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26
Q

Which imaging process has no injections, shows brain structure and has good spatial and temporal resolution?

A

fMRI

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27
Q

EEG stands for ________

A

Electroencephalogram

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28
Q

What brain activity recording involves electrodes stuck on the surface of the head, but is non invasive?

A

EEG

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29
Q

Neurone doctrine:

A

Neurones do the work and are connected by synapses

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30
Q

Charge of interior of resting neurone?

A

Negative

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31
Q

During an action potential, a flow of _____ charges goes into the neurone

A

Positive

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32
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

Neurone cannot fire for 1 millisecond (down time)

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33
Q

“all or none”

A

Neurones fire or don’t

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34
Q

What is a the connection point between neurones where electrical activity is converted into chemical signals to transfer to the next neurone?

A

Synapse

35
Q

3 brain Planes:

A
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Horizontal
36
Q

Cerebrum has what cerebral hemispheres?

A

Right and left

37
Q

What is primarily responsible for higher mental processes?

A

Cerebral cortex

38
Q

What is the physical connection between the right and left hemisphere called?

A

Corpus Callosum

39
Q

Left hemisphere controls:

A
  • language functions
  • analytical functions
  • right hand touch
40
Q

Right hemisphere controls:

A
  • nonverbal abilities
  • some language comprehension
  • left hand touch
41
Q

What is it called when someone’s corpus callosum is separated for epilepsy treatment or is just severed?

A

Split Brain

42
Q

Brain lobe placements:

A
  • frontal lobe (including motor cortex and boca’s area)
  • parietal lobe (including somatosensory cortex)
  • occipital lobe (including primary visual cortex)
  • temporal lobe (including primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area)
  • cerebellum
43
Q

Lobe in charge of thinking, motivation, planning, impulse control, emotional response?

A

Frontal lobe

44
Q

Cortex in charge of voluntary body mouvement?

A

Motor cortex

45
Q

Area in charge of speech production?

A

Broca’s area

46
Q

Lobe in charge of object memory by touch and sensory attention?

A

Parietal lobe

47
Q

Cortex in charge of touch sensation, pain, temperature and pressure?

A

Somatosensory cortex

48
Q

Lobe in charge of visual stimuli interpretation?

A

Occipital lobe (primary visual cortex)

49
Q

Lobe in charge of auditory stimuli interpretation?

A

Temporal lobe (primary auditory cortex)

50
Q

What area is in charge of spoken word comprehension and formulating coherent language (speech and writing)?

A

Wernicke’s area

51
Q

Hippocampus is important for _____

A

Memory

52
Q

What is in charge of graceful mouvement, is called the “small brain” and controls motor skills and coordination (influenced by alcohol)?

A

Cerebellum

53
Q

What is the message center and info relay station that controls learning, language and sleep called?

A

Thalamus

54
Q

What regulates hunger, thirst, sex and emotion, body temp and clock?

A

Hypothalamus

55
Q

Limbic system involves:

A
  • amygdala

* hippocampus

56
Q

What controls emotion of fear and anger?

A

Amygdala

57
Q

What controls the arousal system?

A

Reticular formation

58
Q

What controls the heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing and coughing?

A

Medulla

59
Q

What’s the brains extension that controls reflexes and connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal cord

60
Q

What relays motor messages between cerebellum and motor cortex, while influencing sleep and dreaming?

A

Pons

61
Q

Placement of parts under cerebral cortex:

A 
1- hypothalamus
2- thalamus
3- cerebellum 
4- reticular formation
5- pons
6- medulla
7- spinal cord
62
Q

Process where senses detect sensory stimuli and transmits it to the brain

A

Sensation

63
Q

What receives the stimulus from the environment and transfers nerve impulses to the be processed by the brain?

A

Sensory receptor cells

64
Q

Process by which sensory info is organized and interpreted by the brain

A

Perception

65
Q

Process where sensory receptors convert stimulation from physical energy into neural impulses

A

Sensory transduction

66
Q

5 sensory receptors:

A
  • photoreceptors (eyes) for visible light (400-700 nm)
  • chemoreceptors (nose)
  • mechanoreceptors (skin and ears)
  • thermoreceptors (skin)
  • nocireceptors (skin and ears) for pain detection
67
Q

Explain threshold

A

Sensitivity (lower the threshold higher the sensitivity)

68
Q

JND

A

Just noticeable difference

69
Q

Process of becoming less sensitive to a stimuli

A

Sensory adaptation

70
Q

Photoreceptors contain ______

A

Ross and cones

71
Q

The eye has ___ million rods that see ____

A
  • 125

* black and white

72
Q

The eye has ___ million cones that see ____

A
  • 6

* colours

73
Q

3 types of cones:

A
  • S = blue
  • M = green
  • L = red
74
Q

Colour blindness that only sees contrast and not colours

A

Monochromatic

75
Q

Colour blindness with missing cones, but perceives and mixes up certain colours

A

Dichromatic

76
Q

Primary visual cortex damage

A

Scotomas

77
Q

Inability to identify faces

A

Prosopagnosia

78
Q

Gestalt psychology:

Form perception

A
  • proximity
  • similarity
  • continuity
  • closure and completion
79
Q

Perceptual constancies:

A
  • size constancy
  • shape constancy
  • brightness constancy
80
Q

Depth perception

A

Binocular depth cues (2 eyes working) and monocular depth cues (1 eye working)

81
Q

Binocular depth cues work when crystallin performs ______

A

Convergence

82
Q

Monocular depth cues involves RILTASM

A
  • relative size
  • interposition
  • linear perspective
  • texture gradient
  • atmospheric perspective
  • shadow or shading
  • motion parallax
83
Q

Motion perception (SSPB)

A
  • size and position
  • stroboscopic movement
  • phi phenomenon
  • biological motion demo

psychology (11 decks)

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