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DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science > Stress and the Dental Profession > Flashcards

Stress and the Dental Profession Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the theory of stress as a response

A
  • Noxious stressor
  • Individual physiological system
  • Stress as a response
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2
Q

Describe the theory of stress as a stimulus

A
  • Stress as a stimulus
  • Psychological and physiological system
  • Alarm / resistance / exhaustion
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3
Q

Describe the theory of stress as a transaction

A
  • Stressor
  • Stress as a complex, systemic transaction
  • Response
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4
Q

Give an overview of the stimulus model of stress

A
  • Proposed by Homes and Rahe in 1967
  • Certain life events cause stress (event is stressor)
  • Events are inherently stressful as they result in a change
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5
Q

According to the stimulus model of stress, for what 3 reasons are life events inherently stressful?

A
  1. Challenge the adaptation of an individual
  2. Cause physiological an psychological strain
  3. Lead to health problems
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6
Q

How did Homes and Rahe measure stress levels?

A
  • Identified 43 stressful life events (gave each a score)
  • Developed Homes and Rahe Stress Scale
  • Model purports higher the score, the more likely a person is to experience physical illness within 6 months
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7
Q

What are 4 criticisms of Homes and Rahe’s model?

A
  1. Lack of explicitly stated characteristics of stressful situations
  2. Lack of quantification of stress present
  3. Expects individuals to be passive recipients of stress response
  4. Suggests stress-free environment is optimal
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8
Q

Give an overview of the transactional model of stress

A
  • Proposed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984
  • Focuses on individual’s perception of potential stressor
  • Primary and secondary appraisals are made
  • More dynamic process
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9
Q

What is the primary appraisal in the transactional model of stress?

A

Refers to a person’s perception of a stress stimulus and judgement about whether it is irrelevant, benign or harmful

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10
Q

What happens if the primary appraisal identifies a stressor as harmful in the transactional model of stress?

A

Secondary appraisal

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11
Q

What is the secondary appraisal in the transactional model of stress?

A

Evaluation of pros and cons of different coping strategies which determines coping behaviours

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12
Q

What is the major strength of the transactional model of stress?

A

It takes into account individual subjective experience and perception in relation to stress, and the intervening psychological mechanisms which underlie these individual differences

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13
Q

What is the major criticism of the transactional model of stress?

A
  1. It is not necessary to appraise something as stressful to have a stressful experience (PTSD)
  2. Appraisal of stress may vary according to the stressor (reliant on personality type)
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14
Q

What is the biological model of stress?

A

Biology takes over regardless of the individual or stressor

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15
Q

What are 6 stressors reported by dentists?

A
  1. Threat of complaints
  2. Dissatisfied patients
  3. Concern about GDC
  4. NHS targets
  5. Running behind schedule
  6. Emotional labour
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16
Q

What is emotional labour?

A

Work which involves significant amounts of face-to-face interaction with clients and where certain rules have to be followed in displaying emotions

17
Q

What are 4 subtle symptoms of stress in the dental profession?

A
  1. Skipping lunch
  2. Working late
  3. Anger
  4. Giving up hobbies
18
Q

What are 4 obvious symptoms of stress in the dental profession?

A
  1. Lack of sleep
  2. Poor concentration
  3. Excessive tobacco / alcohol / caffeine intake
  4. Inability to make decisions
19
Q

What are 4 severe symptoms of stress in the dental profession?

A
  1. Chest pain
  2. Weight loss
  3. Random rapid or erratic pulse rate
  4. Feelings of self-harm
20
Q

What are 4 barriers which may prevent a dentist from seeking help?

A
  1. Stigma
  2. Lack of awareness of stress symptoms
  3. Lack of knowledge of help
  4. Worried about business
21
Q

What are 4 ways which a dentist could reduce their stress levels?

A
  1. Time management skills
  2. Communication
  3. Break during the day where possible
  4. Take time off
22
Q

What are 4 sources of support for a dental professional feeling stressed?

A
  1. Friends / family
  2. Other colleagues
  3. Professional organisations
  4. Themselves (eat and sleep well, relax etc)
23
Q

What is burn-out?

A

A syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress which has not been successfully managed

24
Q

What 3 dimensions characterise burnout?

A
  1. Feeling of energy depletion
  2. Increased mental distance from one’s job
  3. Reduced professional efficacy
25
Q

What are potential staff issues related to stress are important for the dental professional?

A

Awareness of staff stress levels so they do not lead to sick leave and potential lawsuit for causing unnecessary stress on staff

26
Q

What is resilience?

A

Ability to bounce back from stressful events / work through challenges

27
Q

What are 3 ways a person can show resilience?

A
  1. “I have…”
  2. “I can…”
  3. “I am…”

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science (25 decks)

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