Oral Health Behaviour Change Flashcards
Why is it important to focus on behaviour for preventing dental disease?
Caries is a bacterially mediated disease so compensation can result from good oral hygiene and a non cariogenic diet
Name 2 key behaviours recommended for optimal oral health
- Establishment of critical healthy behaviours in early life
- A dental home by 12 months of age
Describe 2 critical healthy behaviours
- Control of sugary foods and drinks
2. Adequate fluoride exposure
What is the function of Behavioural Change Science?
Bridging the gap between knowledge of what a person should do and how to do it
What do BCTs allow a parent to achieve?
Enhances Parent Self-Efficacy to manage child oral health
What is the major influence on young children and in determining whether they develop caries?
Parental beliefs and attitudes
How are parental beliefs shaped?
Society and community they are a part of
What is a deterministic component of behaviour?
The way a person acts is determined by external stimuli provided by culture
Describe the observable component of behaviour
Over time an individual develops a behavioural repertoire that can be used to predict behaviour
Describe the controllable component of behaviour
Desirable behaviours can be brought about by incentives; undesirable behaviours can be eradicated by consequences
What did John B Watson do in terms of the focus of psychology?
Changes the focus from introspection to environmentalism
How do behavioural theories explain learning?
In terms of environmental events
What are the 2 initial divisions of the operant conditioning model?
- Reinforcement
2. Punishment
What are the 2 types of punishment in the operant conditioning model?
- Positive (add noxious stimuli)
2. Negative (remove appetitive stimuli)
What are the 2 types of reinforcement in the operant conditioning model?
- Positive (add appetitive stimuli)
2. Negative (either escape or active avoidance of noxious stimuli)
Describe the operant conditioning behavioural model
- An organism is operating in its environment and happens upon reinforcer
- Stimulus causes organism to continue the operant
- If an operant is no longer followed by reinforcer, extinction of operant behaviour will occur
What is shaping?
It can be used to help an animal to behave in a manner it never would in ordinary daily patterns
Name 4 reasons people will voluntarily change
- Concerned about need for change
- Convinced change is in best interests
- Organize plan of action
- Take actions necessary
What are 3 reasons to attempt to bring about change?
- Cost
- Morbidity
- Future consequences
Name 3 models of individual health behaviour
- Health belief model
- Stages of change
- Relapse prevention
Name 3 models of interpersonal level health behaviour
- Social learning theory
- Theory of reasoned action
- Theory of planned behaviour
Name 3 influences on health behaviours
- Biological
- Psychological
- Societal
Name 2 points of support for theories on health behaviour
- Person self-reported attitudes and intentions predict a variety of health-promoting actions
- People are more likely to engage if they feel susceptible to hazards of not engaging
Name 4 shortcomings of theories on health behaviour
- People do not always do what they intend to do
- Attitudes predict some behaviours but not others
- Predictive power of theories is greater in some groups
- Theories ignore past experience which is often best predictor
Name 3 reasons why health behaviour theories are not more precise
- Unrealistically complex
- Health habits are often unstable over time
- Decisions are often made by other people for young, old and ill
Describe 4 stages of a system for designing effective behaviour change interventions
- Identify target behaviours
- Understand target behaviour in context
- Consider full range of possible intervention functions
- Identify specific behaviour change techniques
What is the major effect on oral health behaviours for children?
Parental self-efficacy
Describe 4 intervention techniques used for prevention childhood caries
- Provide information on health behaviour link
- Provide instruction
- Provide information on consequences
- Demonstrate behaviour
What is motivational interviewing?
Directive, client-centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence
What does SBIRT stand for?
Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment
What is the function of SBIRT?
Method for effectively engaging patients in a brief conversation about health promotion in an effort to reduce the consequences of harmful health behaviours
Name 4 components of BNI
- Raise subject
- Provide feedback
- Enhance motivation
- Negotiate and Advise
What is the function of establishing a rapport when raising the subject (BNI)?
Understand parent’s concerns and circumstances and avoid a judgemental stance
Name 3 ways a dentist can express empathy and rapport (BNI)
- Accepting attitude
- Reflective listening techniques
- Parents ambivalence (basis of change)
What is the main component of enhance motivation (BNI)?
Assess readiness to change
Name 3 things a dentist can do if a patient is not ready for change
- Offer information and support
- Present feedback and concerns
- Negotiate
What should a dentist do if a parent is unsure about their readiness for change?
Explore pros and cons
Name 4 ways a dentist can negotiate and advise (BNI)
- Elicit response
- Negotiate a goal
- Give advice
- Summarize
What is the function of exploring pros and cons with a parent when discussing readiness for change?
Develops and highlights discrepancy between present behaviour and goals
Name 4 dangerous assumptions to make when using the BNI
- Parent and child ought to and is ready to change
- BNI has failed if they decide not to change
- Parents are either motivated or not
- A tough approach is best
Name 4 things a dentist should help the parent to do if they are ready to change
- Name a solution for themselves
- Choose a course of action
- Decide how to achieve it
- Encourage choice
