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DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science > Demographic Oral Health Trends > Flashcards

Demographic Oral Health Trends Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is demography?

A

Statistical study of human population

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2
Q

Give 4 examples of measurements and statistics which describe populations

A
  1. Age structure
  2. Ethnic contribution
  3. Educational levels
  4. Disease experience
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3
Q

What is the role of the Office of National Statistics?

A

Responsible for collecting and publishing statistics related to the UK economy, population and society at national, regional and local levels

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4
Q

How often do ONS conduct censuses in Wales and England?

A

10 years

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5
Q

Who conducts censuses in Scotland?

A

GROS (General Register for Scotland)

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6
Q

Who conducts censuses in Northern Ireland?

A

NISRA (Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency)

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7
Q

Describe the collaboration work between ONS, Community Dental Service and several dental schools

A
  • Decennial national surveys of population dental health
  • ONS lead on sampling and analysis
  • Dental schools on clinical methods
  • From 1999, responsibility for health devolved to Scotland, who made different arrangements
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8
Q

What is protocol?

A

Document describing the details of all processes

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9
Q

Describe the need for sampling

A

Sampling is used as whole populations cannot be examined however, it can affect precision of estimate

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10
Q

What is negative consent in child surveys?

A

Parent informed of survey and can write in to withdraw child

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11
Q

What is positive consent in child surveys?

A

Parent needs to sign consent form

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12
Q

Describe the dental assessments in the conduction of local child surveys of oral health

A
  • Dentists were trained and calibrated in dental indices
  • IOTN and DDE for 12 and 14 years olds
  • Caries for all children
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13
Q

How are PHE local child surveys of oral health organised?

A

Children have clinical exams in school with usually no questionnaires

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14
Q

What is the organisation which carries out local surveys of oral health in Scotland?

A

National Dental Inspection Programme in schools

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15
Q

What are 2 features of the clinical assessments in local child surveys?

A
  1. Examiners must be trained and calibrated

2. Valid and reproducable

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16
Q

Why did caries incidents in 5 year olds reduce significantly from 1973 to 1983?

A

Over 95% of toothpaste became fluoridated by the end of the 1970s

17
Q

What was a side effect of the fluoridation of toothpaste in the 1970s?

A

Childhood caries experience shifted from one across all social groups to one which directly reflected the social deprivation of the community

18
Q

What is the % difference between 15 year olds experiencing caries in 1973 to 2013?

A
  • 1973 had 97% with obvious decay

- 2013 had 42% with obvious decay

19
Q

What are 3 protective factors in protection against caries?

A
  1. Saliva
  2. Fluoride
  3. Antimicrobials
20
Q

What are 3 pathological factors in the causation of caries?

A
  1. Acid producing bacteria
  2. Frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates
  3. Low saliva flow / function
21
Q

Describe the relationship between deprivation and percentage of 5 year olds with dental caries

A

The more deprived the area, the higher the number of 5 year olds suffering from dental caries

22
Q

Describe the trend from 1968 to 2009 in the percentage of adults edentate

A

The percentage of adults edentate reduced from 37% to 6% from 1968 to 2009

23
Q

How is the epidemiology of periodontal disease affected by age?

A

As age increases the risk of periodontal disease increases

24
Q

Describe 5 risk factors for periodontal attachment loss

A
  1. Age
  2. Smoking
  3. Diabetes
  4. P. gingivalis
  5. Education
25
Q

Describe 6 risks factors for oral cancer

A
  1. Smoking tobacco
  2. Smokeless tobacco
  3. Alcohol
  4. HPV
  5. Socio-economic status
  6. Diet
26
Q

Describe the trends in the epidemiology of dental traumatic injuries in children (12 and 15 year olds) from 1983 to 2003

A
  • Boys have higher instances of traumatic injury than girls

- The total amount of cases has reduced from 1983 to 2003

27
Q

Summarise the UK National Trend in oral health for adults

A

Dramatic reduction in having all teeth extracted

28
Q

Summarise the UK National Trend in oral health for middle age and older adults

A
  • Retained teeth
  • Many heavily restored
  • Maintenance problems in old age
29
Q

Summarise the UK National Trend in oral health for young people

A

Major improvement since the introduction of fluoride toothpastes in 1970s

30
Q

Summarise the UK National Trend in oral health for children from disadvantages communities

A

Caries became a public health problem from 1970s

31
Q

What is NHANES?

A

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (USA)

32
Q

What is the function of WHO in international oral health?

A

Provides advice and guidance to countries without comprehensive surveys

33
Q

Describe European / African / Middle East levels of caries

A
  • Eastern Europe shows historically higher levels of caries
  • Middle East has high levels of caries
  • Africa tends to show low levels of caries reflecting the dietary sugar habits

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science (25 decks)

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