Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science > Drugs and Alcohol Awareness > Flashcards

Drugs and Alcohol Awareness Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is addiction?

A

State of habitual behaviour that is initially enjoyable but which eventually becomes self-sustaining of habitual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 ways addiction interferes with normal life

A
  1. Overtakes work
  2. Overtakes personal relationships
  3. Overtakes family activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 2 chemicals can cause pleasurable or rewarding effects of addictions?

A
  1. Dopamine

2. Endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the pleasure laid down?

A

Deep-seated memories, through changes in other neurotransmitters e.g. GABA and glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do memories cause addiction?

A

Memories are powerful positive ones so the person craves them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What compounds the memory situation in terms off addiction?

A

Withdrawal reactions cause further distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe 4 reasons why a drug user may not be an addict

A
  1. Genetic predispositions
  2. Mental health problems
  3. Coping strategy
  4. Particular sensitivity to pleasurable effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 4 predisposing factors for addiction

A
  • Men are twice as likely to have problems
  • Peer pressure
  • Increase in women in 30-49 exceeding alcohol recommendation
  • Increase in alcohol consumption in 60-75 age group in last 10 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 3 ways alcohol and drug misuse is directly relevant to dentistry

A
  1. Drinking hazardously is risk factor for sustaining oro-facial injuries
  2. Aetiology of potentially fatal disease e.g. cancers
  3. Detrimental effects on the dentition e.g. erosion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many dentists are predicted to struggle with substance use disorders?

A

10-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 1 way alcohol and drug misuse is indirectly relevant to dentistry

A

Alcohol misuse affects patients’ general health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name 3 legal types of drugs which have the potential to be abused

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Nicotine
  3. Prescribed drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an overview of alcohol

A
  • Affects many brain areas
  • Moderate consumption not harmful to adults
  • Use of alcohol in children is negative due to developing brains
  • Using other drugs which target the same area of the brain as alcohol can intensify both drugs’ effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 2 ways in which alcohol affects the cerebral cortex

A
  1. Lowers inhibitions and loss of judgement

2. Affects how brain receives sensory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 2 ways in which alcohol affects the frontal lobes

A
  1. Affects making decisions and using self control

2. This part of the brain can be damaged permanently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 ways in which alcohol affects the hippocampus

A
  1. Ability to remember something just learned
  2. Blackout in binge drinking
  3. Permanent memory loss in long term abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name 2 ways in which alcohol affects the cerebellum

A
  1. Thinking, coordination, balance and awareness affected

2. Cause increased blood pressure, hunger and thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does units of alcohol measure?

A

The quantity of pure alcohol in a drink

19
Q

How much does 1 unit of alcohol equate to?

A

10ml / 8g

20
Q

What are NHS guidelines on units of alcohol for men?

A

Men should not regularly drink more than 3-4 units per day

21
Q

What are NHS guidelines on units of alcohol for women?

A

Men should not regularly drink more than 2-3 units per day

22
Q

What is the Audit-C tool?

A

A guide to help identify patients who are drinking alcohol at a level which is increasing risk to their health

23
Q

Describe the 4 zones in the Audit-C tool

A
  • Zone I (0-7) - Low risk drinking
  • Zone II (8-15) - Hazardous risk drinking
  • Zone III (16-20) - Harmful risk drinking
  • Zone IV (20-40) - Possible dependence
24
Q

What is the main function of Audit-C tool?

A

Draw patient’s attention to alcohol usage

25
Q

Describe 4 ways nicotine can affect the body

A
  1. Increase heart rate
  2. Increase blood pressure
  3. Increase alertness
  4. Reduce appetite
26
Q

What 2 neurotransmitters does nicotine act on?

A
  1. Acetylcholine

2. Dopamine

27
Q

What neurotransmitter is majorly responsible for nicotine addiction?

A

Dopamine

28
Q

Name 3 reasons a person may self-medicate

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Anxiety
  3. Pain control
29
Q

Name 3 reasons dentists may be more vulnerable to self medicating

A
  1. Access to prescription writing
  2. Access to prescription drugs
  3. Access to friendships with other dental / medical colleagues
30
Q

Name 3 major illegal drugs

A
  1. Heroin
  2. Cocaine
  3. Marijuana
31
Q

How does heroin affect the body?

A
  • Activates brain opiate receptors and increases dopamine release
  • Feelings of euphoria and decrease pain
  • Nausea
  • Receptors decrease after use and users need more drug to feel same effects
  • Withdrawal symptoms are intense
32
Q

How does cocaine affect the body?

A
  • Prevents normal reabsorption of dopamine during neurotransmission
  • Build up of dopamine
  • When stop using cocaine, dopamine levels decrease
  • Repeat use damages neurones
  • Withdrawals lead to depression and anxiety
33
Q

How does marijuana affect the body?

A
  • 85 times more likely to use than cocaine
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol is main active ingredient
  • THC in large quantities over long periods can affect neurons in hippocampus
  • Can result in anxiety, panic attacks and paranoia
34
Q

Name 4 “Club-Drugs”

A
  1. GHB
  2. Rohypnol
  3. MDMA
  4. Ketamine
35
Q

Describe the drug GHB

A
  • Colourless, odourless liquid
  • Memory loss, drowsiness
  • Vision problems
  • Loss of conciousness
36
Q

Describe the drug rohypnol

A
  • Pill which easily dissolves
  • Causes sleepiness and loss of muscle control
  • Memory loss almost certain
37
Q

Describe the drug MDMA

A
  • Ecstasy in tablet form
  • Increase heart rate and blood pressure
  • Nausea and sweating
  • High doses lead to hyperthermia leading to liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure
38
Q

Describe the drug ketamine

A
  • Anaesthetic
  • Hallucinations, numbness and loss of coordination
  • Breathing problems
  • Aggressive behaviour
39
Q

Name 3 everyday effects of drug abuse

A
  1. Ability to assess risk inhibited
  2. Risky decisions
  3. Missed concentration
40
Q

Describe 4 signs of substance abuse

A
  1. Smell of alcohol or mouthwash to mask alcohol
  2. Hand tremor
  3. Excessive perspiration
  4. Frequent bathroom breaks
41
Q

Name 4 things which may happen if a dentist is found to be abusing substances

A
  1. Fitness to Practice
  2. Help will be offered
  3. Suspended / restrictions on ability to practice
  4. Duty to report yourself or a colleague
42
Q

Name 2 places a dentist can get help for substance abuse

A
  1. GP / family / counselling

2. DHSP helpline

43
Q

Name 4 places a student dentist can get help for substance abuse

A
  1. GP
  2. Addiction NI
  3. Student Guidance
  4. Tutor

DEN2025 - Dental Public Health and Behavioural Science (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions