Introduction

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

Applied and academic field which studies the human mind and behaviour

Question 2

What is health psychology?

Answer 2

Health psychology focuses on the role of psychological factors in the cause, progression and consequences of health and illness

Question 3

Give 2 examples of oral functional behaviours

Answer 3

1. Clenching

2. Grinding

Question 4

Give 2 examples of oral health behaviours

Answer 4

1. Tooth brushing

2. Flossing

Question 5

Name 4 essential skills for dental students

Answer 5

1. Communication skills
2. Fear management
3. Initiate good dental behaviour
4. Management of patients who are minors

Question 6

Give 3 ways healthy behaviours can lead to a desirable outcome

Answer 6

1. Less likelihood of illness
2. Less worry
3. Greater likelihood of longer life

Question 7

Name 5 determinants of health behaviour

Answer 7

1. Social influences
2. Learning (Behaviour/Consequences)
3. Emotional state
4. Perception of symptoms of illness
5. Beliefs

Question 8

Describe the diagram for determinants of healthy behaviours

Answer 8

See slide 18 in Introduction lecture

Question 9

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 9

A person’s belief that they can successfully accomplish a behaviour that is needed to bring about certain outcomes

Question 10

What are 4 ways to identify strong self-efficacy?

Answer 10

• View challenging problems as tasks to be mastered
• Develop deeper interests in activities
• Form strong sense of commitment to interests
• Recover quickly from setbacks

Question 11

What are 4 ways to identify weak self-efficacy?

Answer 11

• Avoid challenging tasks
• Believe difficult tasks are beyond their capabilities
• Focus on personal failings
• Quickly lose confidence in personal abilities

Question 12

What is the theory of Planned Behaviour?

Answer 12

Cognitive approach to explaining behaviour which centres on individuals’ attitudes and beliefs

Question 13

What can the theory of Planned Behaviour help predict?

Answer 13

Health related behaviours e.g. smoking, exercise, safe sex

Question 14

What 4 things contribute to somebody’s intention in the theory of Planned Behaviour?

Answer 14

1. Social norms
2. Attitudes
3. Values
4. Beliefs

Question 15

What are the 2 main factors which can be altered in the Planned Behaviour model?

Answer 15

1. Knowledge

2. Self-efficacy

Question 16

Explain 3 criticisms of the Planned Behaviour model?

Answer 16

1. Assumes the person has acquired the opportunities and resources to be successful
2. Assumes behaviour is a result of linear decision making
3. Time frame between intent and behavioural action is not addressed

Question 17

What is the Health Belief Model?

Answer 17

A model developed to explain why so few people are participating in programs to prevent and detect disease

Question 18

What are the 4 critical areas of the Health Belief Model?

Answer 18

1. Perception of severity of illness
2. Perception of susceptibility to illness
3. Perception of benefits of preventative action
4. Perception of barriers to taking action

Question 19

Explain 3 criticisms of the Health Belief Model?

Answer 19

1. Health behaviour can be irrational
2. Too much emphasis on individual behaviours without considering social and economic factors
3. Had to adapt to include self-efficacy

Question 20

What are the 5 levels in the State of Change Model?

Answer 20

1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance

Question 21

What is the 6th level of the State of Change Model which makes it a cyclic model?

Answer 21

Relapse